Method and devices for detecting viruses and bacterial pathogens

ABSTRACT

The embodiments disclose a method including functionalizing a biosensor with a biologic analytical target prior to installation into a detection cartridge, depositing a test subject bodily fluid test sample onto the biosensor surface, inserting the detection cartridge into a portable detection cartridge reader, measuring the electrical impedance of the bodily fluid test sample across biosensor energized electrodes, providing algorithms for analyzing measured electrical impedance data of the bodily fluid test sample obtained in the detection cartridge, identifying and determining the presence of biologic analytical target molecules in the bodily fluid test sample, and transmitting results of the test results to the test subject.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This Patent Application is a Continuation-in-part and claims priority tothe United States Patent Application entitled: “METHOD AND DEVICES FORDETECTING CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS AND BIOLOGICAL PATHOGENS”, U.S. Ser. No.16/926,701 filed on Jul. 11, 2020 by Gregory J. Hummer, the U.S. PatentApplication being incorporated herein by reference and the United StatesPatent Application entitled: “METHOD AND DEVICES FOR DETECTING CHEMICALCOMPOSITIONS AND BIOLOGICAL PATHOGENS”, U.S. Ser. No. 16/926,702 filedon Jul. 11, 2020 by Gregory J. Hummer, the U.S. Patent Application beingincorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

The recent onset of the Covid-19 pandemic has made apparent a rapid andaccurate detection of infection is needed for early treatment andanalysis of the rate of spreading of the infections. The rapid andaccurate detection of infection is also needed for other knowninfectious viruses and bacterial pathogens and new infectious virusesand bacterial pathogens that may appear. Initial testing was slow andconfined to a small number of laboratories using processes that in manycases took days to complete. What is needed for rapid detection fortreatment and to collect ample data to locate and measure the rates ofinfection is a broader range of application venue availability outsideof laboratories and a range of training needed to perform the detectiontesting.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an overview of a method and devices fordetecting viruses and bacterial pathogens of one embodiment.

FIG. 2A shows a block diagram of an overview flow chart of an individualself-testing at the home of one embodiment.

FIG. 2B shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a generalizedsystem infrastructure of one embodiment.

FIG. 2C shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a testingapplication data flow of one embodiment.

FIG. 3 shows for illustrative purposes only an example of an individualself-testing process of one embodiment.

FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of an overview flow chart of testing clinicpatients of one embodiment.

FIG. 5 shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a clinictesting process of one embodiment.

FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of an overview flow chart of testingpatients in a mass of one embodiment.

FIG. 7 shows for illustrative purposes only an example of mass testinganonymously or patient-identified of one embodiment.

FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of an overview of a printed sensorelectrode circuit of one embodiment.

FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of an overview of a functionalized printedsensor working electrode circuit of one embodiment.

FIG. 10A shows for illustrative purposes only an example of anincubation heater of one embodiment.

FIG. 10B shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a printedtemperature control device of one embodiment.

FIG. 10C shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a printedtemperature control device and printed sensor of one embodiment.

FIG. 11A shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a detectioncartridge of one embodiment.

FIG. 11B shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a detectiondevice of one embodiment.

FIG. 12A shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a detectiondevice display developing of one embodiment.

FIG. 12B shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a detectiondevice display test complete of one embodiment.

FIG. 13 shows a block diagram of an overview of a detection cartridgebreath collector of one embodiment.

FIG. 14 shows for illustrative purposes only an example of amulti-reader of one embodiment.

FIG. 15 shows a block diagram of an overview of functionalized printedelectrodes of one embodiment.

FIG. 16 shows a block diagram of an overview of an example of electrodebinding of targeted biologically sensitive molecules and bacterialpathogens of one embodiment.

FIG. 17 shows a block diagram of an overview of electrochemical sensingplatform devices of one embodiment.

FIG. 18A shows for illustrative purposes only an example of home useapplication environment of one embodiment.

FIG. 18B shows for illustrative purposes only an example of clinic useapplication environment of one embodiment.

FIG. 18C shows for illustrative purposes only an example of mass-useapplication environment of one embodiment.

FIG. 19 shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a measurementdevice with embedded communication home use model of one embodiment.

FIG. 20 shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a measurementdevice, external communication clinic, and mass use models of oneembodiment.

FIG. 21 shows a block diagram of an overview of electrochemical airsampling sensing platform devices of one embodiment.

FIG. 22 shows for illustrative purposes only an example of an exemplarysystem of one embodiment.

FIG. 23 shows a block diagram of an overview of a monitoring systemdevice and processes of one embodiment.

FIG. 24 shows a block diagram of an overview of a monitor/detectorcomponent of one embodiment.

FIG. 25 shows a block diagram of an overview of a liquid samplemonitor/detector component of one embodiment.

FIG. 26 shows a block diagram of an overview of recording the individualpatient's detection analysis data information in the patient's HIPAA EHRof one embodiment.

FIG. 27 shows a block diagram of an overview of a monitor system formonitoring and detecting chemical compositions and biological pathogensof one embodiment.

FIG. 28 shows a block diagram of an overview of a power source of oneembodiment.

FIG. 29 shows a block diagram of an overview of an airflow inductiondevice of one embodiment.

FIG. 30 shows a block diagram of an overview of a cell phone forprocessing of one embodiment.

FIG. 31 shows a block diagram of an overview of sensors that may detectharmful materials of one embodiment.

FIG. 32 shows a block diagram of an overview of a chemical signature appof one embodiment.

FIG. 33 shows a block diagram of an overview of a biological pathogenapp of one embodiment.

FIG. 34 shows a block diagram of an overview of communication circuitryto broadcast an alert of one embodiment.

FIG. 35 shows a block diagram of an overview of a network of deviceshaving a plurality of monitoring systems of one embodiment.

FIG. 36 shows a block diagram of an overview of the monitoring systemconfigured in a separate component of one embodiment.

FIG. 37 shows a block diagram of an overview of a scanning device of oneembodiment.

FIG. 38 shows a block diagram of an overview of RC ground vehicles andaircraft of one embodiment.

FIG. 39 shows a block diagram of an overview of directional guidance tothe steering devices of one embodiment.

FIG. 40 shows a block diagram of an overview of the location of medicalwaste disposal of one embodiment.

FIG. 41 shows a block diagram of an overview of monitor systems areplaced in air handlers of one embodiment.

FIG. 42A shows for illustrative purposes only an example of thedetection mechanism of COVID-19 using MXene biosensors of oneembodiment.

FIG. 42B shows for illustrative purposes only an example of biologicallysensitive molecules hybridization of one embodiment.

FIG. 43A shows a block diagram of an overview of a disposable detectioncartridge of one embodiment.

FIG. 43B shows a block diagram of an overview of a portable detectioncartridge reader of one embodiment.

FIG. 43C shows for illustrative purposes only an example of aconstruction overview of one embodiment.

FIG. 43D shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a sensorbuild-up of one embodiment.

FIG. 44 shows for illustrative purposes only an example of an electricalcurrent method of one embodiment.

FIG. 45A shows a block diagram of an overview of a working mechanism forcarbon sensors of one embodiment.

FIG. 45B shows a block diagram of an overview flow chart ofmanufacturing steps for carbon-based sensors of one embodiment.

FIG. 46 shows a block diagram of an overview of conductive-based sensorsmanufacturing parameters of one embodiment.

FIG. 47A shows for illustrative purposes only an example ofelectrochemical detection of SARS-CoV-2 biologic analytical target ofone embodiment.

FIG. 47B shows for illustrative purposes only an example of breathmoisture test sampling of one embodiment.

FIG. 48A shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a no testsample impedance measurement of one embodiment.

FIG. 48B shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a testsample with low biologic target concentration impedance measurement ofone embodiment.

FIG. 48C shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a testsample with high biologic target concentration impedance measurement ofone embodiment.

FIG. 49A shows for illustrative purposes only an example of opened testcartridge showing a sensor of one embodiment.

FIG. 49B shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a closedtest cartridge of one embodiment.

FIG. 49C shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a testsubject depositing sample of one embodiment.

FIG. 49D shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a testcartridge inserting into a portable detection cartridge reader of oneembodiment.

FIG. 50A shows for illustrative purposes only an example of an overviewflow chart of gathering test subject samples of one embodiment.

FIG. 50B shows for illustrative purposes only an example of an overviewflow chart of identifying the resistance data biologic source of oneembodiment.

FIG. 51 shows for illustrative purposes only an example of disposal ofused test cartridge of one embodiment.

FIG. 52 shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a temperaturecontrol device of one embodiment.

FIG. 53 shows a block diagram of an overview of a general test flow ofone embodiment.

FIG. 54 shows a block diagram of an overview of chemical and pathogendetection in an air sample and HVAC system of one embodiment.

FIG. 55 shows a block diagram of an overview of a flow device of oneembodiment.

FIG. 56 shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a swabbingdevice for collecting and processing bodily test sample of oneembodiment.

FIG. 57 shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a platformfor processing and flowing the test samples of one embodiment.

FIG. 58 shows a block diagram of an overview of a filter device of oneembodiment.

FIG. 59A shows a block diagram of an overview of testing applicationsfeatures: of one embodiment.

FIG. 59B shows a block diagram of an overview of testing applicationsfeatures continued: of one embodiment.

FIG. 60 shows for illustrative purposes only an example of two carbonlayer biosensor of one embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In the following description, reference is made to the accompanyingdrawings, which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way ofillustration a specific example in which the invention may be practiced.It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized andstructural changes may be made without departing from the scope of thepresent invention.

General Overview:

It should be noted that the descriptions that follow, for example, interms of a method and devices for detecting viruses and bacterialpathogens are described for illustrative purposes and the underlyingsystem can apply to any number and multiple types of viruses andbacterial pathogens. In one embodiment of the present invention, themethod and devices for detecting viruses and bacterial pathogens can beconfigured using one or both internal and external power sources. Themethod and devices for detecting viruses and bacterial pathogens can beconfigured to include a single electrochemical sensing platform deviceand can be configured to include multiple electrochemical sensingplatform devices using the present invention.

The following terms and phrases immobilized, stabilized inductively,polarized, conductively oriented, electrokinetically oriented, andinductively aligned are used herein interchangeably without any changein meaning.

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an overview of a method and devices fordetecting viruses and bacterial pathogens of one embodiment. FIG. 1shows electrochemical sensing platform devices and processes 100. Theelectrochemical sensing platform devices and processes 100 includetesting protocol controls for example but not limited to the SARS-CoV-2virus that causes Covid-19, MRSA, other viruses, and bacteria andpathogens on food. In one embodiment the electrochemical sensingplatform devices and processes 100 are configured for self-testing use130. The electrochemical sensing platform devices and processes 100configured for self-test use 130 performs recording and reading oftesting data and remote interpretation of the test data. The self-testuse 130 patient may view the test results transmitted from the remoteinterpretation means using a sensing platform smartphone app 132downloaded to the patient's digital device for example a smartphone. Inone embodiment the electrochemical sensing platform devices andprocesses 100 are configured for self-test use 130. The self-test use130 is processed with reading test data on a cartridge reader 133. Thetest data is transmitted over a wireless communication system to anetwork 134. The network is used for interpreting test data to determinetesting results 135. Test results are transmitted over a wirelesscommunication system to the patient's smartphone 136 for displaying testresults on the patient's smartphone 137 of one embodiment.

In another embodiment, the electrochemical sensing platform devices andprocesses 100 are configured for clinical use 140. The test data isprocessed for reading test data on a cartridge reader 133. Clinical use140 test data is transmitted over a wireless communication system to anetwork 134 and is stored on a database. The network processesinterpreting test data to determine testing results 135. The testingresults are reported to a clinician and attending physician of oneembodiment. Test results transmitted over a wireless communicationsystem to a patient's smartphone 136 and displaying test results on thepatient's smartphone 137.

In yet another embodiment, the electrochemical sensing platform devicesand processes 100 are configured for mass use 160. Mass use 160 includesreading multiple cartridge test data with at least one multiple testcartridge reader 162. The multiple uniquely identified test datatransmitted over a wireless communication system to a network 164 isrecorded on at least one database. The network processes interpretingmultiple test data to determine uniquely identified testing results 166.The uniquely identified testing results are reported to a clinician andattending physician of one embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 2A shows a block diagram of an overview flow chart of an individualself-testing at the home of one embodiment. FIG. 2A shows self-testingby an individual at home 200. Testing an individual at home 200 includesplacing a patient's bodily fluid sample in a detection device solutioncompartment 210. A patient's bodily fluid sample may consist of any oneof a group of saliva, sputum, nasal mucus, blood, breathe moisture, orother fluid from a human body. In another embodiment, a sample isobtained by collecting patient breath moisture using a breath collector212. The breath collector includes for example a process of checking thevolume of the fluid sample using a humidity sensor 214 of oneembodiment.

Data Flow for Self-Testing Process:

Federal law requires any test for infectious disease has to be reportedto local and state health officials then to Federal agencies like CDCwhich is part of HHS.https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/reporting-lab-data.html.Infectious disease test results in the reporting transmission requireddata fields. Laboratories should make every reasonable effort to providethe following data elements to state and jurisdictional healthdepartments. The test ordered—use harmonized LOINC codes provided byCDC, Device Identifier, Test result—use appropriate LOINC and SNOMEDcodes, as defined by the Laboratory In Vitro Diagnostics (LIVD) TestCode Mapping for SARS-CoV-2 Tests provided by CDC, Test Result date(date format), Accession # /Specimen ID, Patient age, Patient race,Patient ethnicity, Patient sex, Patient residence zip code, Patientresidence county, Ordering provider name and nonpharmaceuticalinterventions (as applicable), Ordering provider zip code, Performingfacility name and CLIA number, Performing facility zip code, SpecimenSource—use appropriate LOINC, SNOMED-CT, or SPM4 codes, or equivalentlydetailed alternative codes, Date test ordered (date format), and Datespecimen collected (date format).

The following additional demographic data elements should also becollected and reported to state or local public health departments:Patient name (Last name, First name, Middle Initial), Patient streetaddress, Patient phone number with area code, Patient date of birth,Ordering provider address, and Ordering provider phone number.

To protect patient privacy, any data that state and jurisdictionalhealth departments send to CDC will be de-identified and will notinclude some patient-level information. The de-identified data sharedwith CDC will contribute to understanding COVID-19's impact, case ratepositivity trends, testing coverage, and will help identify supply chainissues for reagents and other materials.

The electrochemical sensing platform devices and processes 100 of FIG. 1are configured for detecting any number and multiple types of virusesand bacterial pathogens using impedimetric detection of analyticaltargets. The electrochemical sensing platform devices and processes 100of FIG. 1 include activating testing protocol controls using at leastone identification digital memory device 220 for example but not limitedto the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes Covid-19, MRSA, other viruses, andbacteria and pathogens on food. In one embodiment, the electrochemicalsensing platform devices and processes 100 of FIG. 1 include incubatingthe patient sample with heat applied to the sample specimen 225. Heatedincubation processing prepares the testing for measuring sensorimpedance in the presence of patient bodily fluid sample 230. Heatedincubation processing prepares the testing for blood, serum, and othertest samples for measuring impedance. There are at least three ways oftreating the patient test sample before testing. The three waysinclude: 1) heat treatment 2) chemical treatment or 3) treatment withmaterials. All three treatments are intended to optimize the sample forevaluation. Optimal samples have appropriate levels of volume,viscosity, pH, diluent, and virus RNA biologically sensitive moleculesexposure.

The electrochemical sensing platform devices and processes 100 of FIG. 1include communication devices for communicating measurement data to anetwork Interpretation means 240. Processing includes interpreting thepatient sample measurement data on the network 250. The networkinterpretation includes recording self-testing interpretation results ona network database and HIPAA cloud 251. In one embodiment recordingself-testing interpretation results includes identifying results withoptional patient information 252 and reporting the test results alongwith optimal patient information to public health authorities 253. Afterthe results are determined the processing continues with disposing ofpatient infectious waste 254, disinfecting measurement components 255,and returning measurement components to service 256 of one embodiment.

Generalized System Infrastructure:

FIG. 2B shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a generalizedsystem infrastructure of one embodiment. FIG. 2B shows a generalizedsystem infrastructure 257. A generalized system infrastructure 257includes a Web Server Infrastructure 258. The Web Server Infrastructure258 supports both the client-facing applets as well as the back-endinterpretation, database, and reporting structures. A Web ServerInfrastructure 258 includes an HTTPS/HTML WebBluetooth 259. An IOS 13.0Webble WkWebView 260 supports a viable subset of Web Bluetooth, allowingthe server-side to access a BLE device. An Android 6.0 Chrome 85 WebView261 directly supports Web Bluetooth APIs to allow server-side access toa BLE device. A BLE 262 device, referring to a Bluetooth Low Energy(BLE) device.

Nordic UART profile 263 wherein Nordic UART profile 263 service receivesand writes data and serves as a bridge to the Universal AsynchronousReceiver-Transmitter (UART) interface. These devices and servicesprovide data to a measurement system 264. The measurement system 264accepts a test cassette, executes the stored instructions within thetest cassette and provides a feature vector of the measurements of thetests. The smartphone client-side application “app” displays theclient-testing information provided by the webserver infrastructure 258and provides a communication path between the web server infrastructure258 and the measurement system 264 of one embodiment. Both iOS(“WKWebView”) and Android (“WebView”) allow apps to embed web pages inApps. This approach allows the development of what appears to be an Appbut is still essentially a web browser. Especially with the iOS-sidedevelopment, this allows the app to implement the WebBluetooth API andallow operation of one embodiment.

Testing Application Data Flow:

FIG. 2C shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a testingapplication data flow of one embodiment. FIG. 2C shows a testingapplication data flow 266. FIG. 2C shows the server side 277 featuresincluding a patient HIPAA sensitive patient index 267, test measurementpatient index 268, test results patient index 269, web server 270,interpretation algorithms 271, result distribution HIPAA sensitive 272,to patient 279, to provider 280, and to AIMS 281.

FIG. 2C shows processes within the server side 277 including steps 3.Patient record is stored, 3.1 and assigned a new ID Number if a patientdoesn't exist, 3.2 recovers an existing ID Number if a patient doesalready exist in the records, 4. Patient ID Number information is sentthrough Web Server, 12. Web Server stores “test Record” (linked topatient through Patient Index), 13. Interpretation Algorithms retrieve“test Record” and interprets feature vector(s) to determine testresults, 14. Test Results are stored (linked to patient through PatientIndex), 15. Results Distribution collects new Test Results and fusesinformation with Patient record, and 16. Results Distribution sendsappropriately formatted results to Patient, Provider, AIMS, and others(as required).

FIG. 2C shows the client-side 278 features including for example apatient tablet 273, measurement information patent index 274, cassette275, and HTTPS 276. FIG. 2C shows processes within the client side 278including steps 7. Measurement System retrieves “sensor Platform”information from Cassette, 8. Measurement System executes “protocol” onCassette and collects measurements, and 9. Measurement System executes“vector” on collected measurements. The client-side application “app”displays the client-facing information provided by the Web ServerInfrastructure and provides a communication path between the Web ServerInfrastructure 258 of FIG. 2B and the Measurement System 264 of FIG. 2B.

The testing application data flow 266 includes processes between aserver-side 277 and a client-side 278. The processes between aserver-side 277 and a client-side 278 include steps 1. Web Serverprovides a form for the patient to fill out on the smartphone, 2.smartphone submits a patient form, 5. Optional step Using Web BluetoothSend Patient ID Number through the smartphone to Measurement System(Reader), 6. Patient ID Number is stored locally on Measurement System,10. Optional step Using Web Bluetooth, Web Sewer periodically pollsMeasurement System for test completed, 11. Using Web Bluetooth, WebServer retrieves “test Record” from Measurement System upon completion.The Measurement System accepts a Test Cassette, executes the storedinstructions within the Test Cassette, and provides a feature vector ofthe measurements of the tests. The “test Record” from the measurementsystem is also sent to BLE 262 of FIG. 2B device using a cookie of oneembodiment.

An Individual Self-Testing Process:

FIG. 3 shows for illustrative purposes only an example of an individualself-testing process of one embodiment. FIG. 3 shows individualself-testing processes 300. The test does not get separated from patient310. The testing 320 processes include detection prior to placing thepatient sample to confirm a clear base. Upon placing the patient samplethe detection process continues. A second detection process is conductedand measurement of any changes in the impedance of the detectionelectrode. In one example the patient sample is processed withincubation 330. A comm device is used to transmit the multiple detectionmeasurements to the sensing platform smartphone app 132 of FIG. 1 orother means for reading and interpreting test data. During incubation,the patient sample is heated over a predetermined time period and at apredetermined heat level then cooled over a predetermined time periodand at a predetermined cooling level to develop the patient sample.Other methods of sample preparation could be used including chemicaltreatment and treatment using materials. After the development period,another detection measurement is processed and transmitted over comm.

The results recording 340 will include the detection and measurement.The comm will transmit the detection and measurement data for BTinterpretation on the network means for reading and interpreting testdata. The results of the test for infectious disease will also betransmitted to a HIPAA cloud 350, to local and state health officialsthen to Federal agencies like CDC. The results reporting will includeall agency required data and include optional patient information 360.After results: 370 have been recorded, devices for detection aredisposed of (infectious waste) 372, measurement components aredisinfected 374, and measurement device is returned to service 376 ofone embodiment.

Testing Clinic Patients:

FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of an overview flow chart of testing clinicpatients of one embodiment. FIG. 4 shows testing clinic patients 400processing. Testing clinic patients 400 processing begins with enrollingpatients 402 and issuing patient test cards 404. The patient test cardsinclude a unique identifying code and patient information. Theprocessing continues with recording patient information in HIPAA EHR406.

Collecting patient bodily fluid sample 410 for testing. In anotherembodiment, a patient sample includes collecting breath moisture 412 andpreparing a sample including checking the volume of breath fluid sample414 for a sufficient sample specimen and may require additional patientexhalations into the device. The process includes identifying sampleswith patient test card 420. The testing process is prepared withactivating testing protocol controls using at least one identificationdigital memory device 220.

The processing proceeds with incubating the patient's sample withvarious types of treatment including heat applied to the sample specimen425 or chemicals applied to the sample specimen or materials applied tothe sample specimen. When incubation is completed the process continueswith measuring sensor impedance in the presence of patient bodily fluidsample 230. The impedance of the electrode is affected by the presenceof the incubated patient sample.

Communicating measurement data to an interpretation means 240 forinterpreting the patient sample measurements with interpreting thepatient sample measurement data on the network 250. The process includesrecording testing interpretation results 260 and recording results in apatient HIPAA EHR 430 and to local and state health officials then toFederal agencies like CDC. After the results are recorded the processincludes disposing of patient infectious waste 272, disinfectingmeasurement components 273, returning measurement components to service274, and communication is periodically disinfected 440 of oneembodiment.

A Clinic Testing Process:

FIG. 5 shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a clinictesting process of one embodiment. FIG. 5 shows a clinic testing process500 and enrollment 520 of patients being testing and issuing a patienttest card. The patient test card assigns a unique identifying testingcode and records patient information 530 on the card. The patient cardis used for transmitting to the patient EHR the patient information andtesting results according to HIPAA. The card can also be a virtual tokenor scannable such as QR code or another method of verification such asbiometric or other.

The process includes detection where the detection with patient ID isfirst performed prior to placing a patient sample. After placing thepatient sample detection with patient ID proceeds to incubation 330 ofthe patient sample with heat applied to the sample. Other treatments canbe used such as chemical treatment or treatment using advancedmaterials. The detection with patient ID is followed by a measurement ofthe electrode impedance after a predetermined “develop” time period ofthe incubated patient sample.

Results recording 340 is performed after the detection with patient IDmeasurement is transmitted with communication to the interpretationmeans. The results recording 340 after interpretation is transmitted viaWIFI LTE to the patient EHR under HIPAA. After results: 370 are recordedand reported to local and state health officials then to Federalagencies like CDC which is part of HHS, detection is disposed of(infectious waste) 372, measurement is disinfected 374, measurement isreturned to service 376, and communication is periodically disinfected440. Data flow process for clinic testing application is the same asshown in FIG. 2C of one embodiment.

Testing Patients in Mass:

FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of an overview flow chart of testingpatients in a mass of one embodiment. FIG. 6 shows testing patients inmass 600 using the electrochemical sensing platform devices andprocesses 100 of FIG. 1. A process is used for enrolling patients 402and issuing patients test cards 404. The patient's test cards include aunique testing code and patient information. The processing includesrecording patient information on a HIPAA cloud 610.

The processing continues with collecting patient bodily fluid sample 410testing specimen. In another embodiment, the process is collectingbreath moisture 412 from a patient and checking the volume of breathfluid sample 414. Collecting patient samples includes identifyingsamples with patient test card 420. Processing continues with activatingtesting protocol controls using at least one identification digitalmemory device 220. A process is used for incubating the patient's samplewith heating and cooling applied to the sample specimen 425. Afterincubation, a process is used for measuring sensor impedance in thepresence of patient bodily fluid sample 230 of the detection electrode.Processing for communicating measurement data to an interpretation means240 for interpreting the patient sample measurements in a mass reader620 and recording testing interpretation results 260. Recording testinginterpretation results 260 includes recording results on a HIPAA cloud271. After the results are recorded the process continues with disposingof patient infectious waste 272, disinfecting measurement components273, returning measurement components to service 274, and communicationis periodically disinfected 440. Data flow process for clinic testingapplication is the same as shown in FIG. 2C of one embodiment.

Mass Testing Anonymously or Patient-Identified:

FIG. 7 shows for illustrative purposes only an example of mass testinganonymously or patient-identified of one embodiment. FIG. 7 shows masstesting anonymously or patient-identified 700. Mass testing processingbegins with enrollment 520 of patients and issuing a patient test cardto each patient. The patient test card includes optional patientinformation 740 that may be transmitted to a network 742 and recorded ona patient database. The optional patient information 740 may betransmitted to BT smartphone for accessing patient informationtransmitted via WIFI LTE to a HIPAA cloud.

Detection with a patient ID labeled patient sample is followed byincubation 330 with applied heat or other test sample treatments todevelop for a predetermined time period the patient sample. Detectionwith a patient ID sample after developing is then processed formeasurement of electrode impedance. The detection measurement resultsrecording 340 are communicated using a communication device to aninterpretation system for the determination of the concentration of anydetected virus or bacterial pathogen.

The interpretation results are transmitted via BT smartphone and WIFILTE to a patient EHR HIPAA file. A patient test ID card 770 is used by apatient who logs in to a HIPAA cloud for results retrieval 780 using asmartphone/browser. After results: 370 are recorded and reporteddetection is disposed of (infectious waste) 372, measurement isdisinfected 374, measurement is returned to service 376, andcommunication is periodically disinfected 440. The data flow process formass-testing is the same as shown in FIG. 2C of one embodiment.

A Printed Sensor Electrode Circuit:

FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of an overview of a printed sensorelectrode circuit of one embodiment. FIG. 8 shows a flexible circuitboard 800 with a printed sensor working electrode circuit 810 depositedon the surface. The printed sensor electrode circuit 810 can be madeusing printers including an inkjet printer, screen printer, 3D printer,or other forms of electrophotography printing. The electrode is composedof an electrically conductive material of one embodiment.

The printed sensor electrode impedance circuitry 811 is configured witha bodily fluid sample terminus 820. The bodily fluid sample terminus 820includes DNA biologically sensitive molecules probes 850 that will be incontact with the patient bodily fluid sample with placed. A solutioncompartment 852 is coupled over the DNA biologically sensitive moleculesprobes 850 for receiving a bodily fluid sample. An incubationtemperature control device 854 is placed under the solution compartment852. The incubation temperature control device 854 may include apositive temperature coefficient temperature control device 855 usingconductive ink. Temperature control devices are self-regulating heatersthat run open-loop without any external diagnostic controls. Othermethods of sample treatment can be used including treatment usingchemicals and materials. The opposite end of the printed sensor workingelectrode circuit 810 includes a sensor circuit power connectionterminus 830 for connecting a power source of one embodiment.

A Functionalized Printed Sensor Working Electrode Circuit:

FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of an overview of a functionalized printedsensor working electrode circuit of one embodiment. FIG. 9 shows theflexible circuit board 800, a printed sensor working electrode circuit810, impedance circuitry 811, bodily fluid sample terminus 820, DNAbiologically sensitive molecules probes 850, solution compartment 852,incubation temperature control device 854, and sensor circuit powerconnection terminus 830.

A functionalized biologically sensitive molecule material coating 910 isdeposited on the surface of the printed sensor working electrode circuit810 to form a functionalized printed sensor working electrode circuit912. A bodily fluid sample 940 is shown placed in the solutioncompartment 852 and contacting the DNA biologically sensitive moleculesprobes 850. A power source 900 is coupled to the sensor circuit powerconnection terminus 830 for providing power to the incubationtemperature control device 854 and other types of heaters including atemperature control device 855 of FIG. 8 for incubation heat 930 to thebodily fluid sample 940 during incubation of one embodiment. A chemicaltreatment 931 or treatment with materials 932 can be applied to thebodily fluid sample 940 in other embodiments. The power source 900 alsoprovides power for impedance testing that is read using a wirelessimpedance reader 950 of one embodiment.

An Incubation Heater:

FIG. 10A shows for illustrative purposes only an example of anincubation heater of one embodiment. FIG. 10A shows a heater belowworking electrode head 1036 that is used for heating a patient bodilyfluid sample during incubation. In one embodiment the detection deviceincludes a reference electrode 1000, working electrode 1010, and counterelectrode 1020. The working electrode head 1034 is shown coupled to aheated fluid tube 1030.

A solution compartment 1038 is used for placing the patient bodily fluidsample. The solution compartment can be located in the sidewall next tothe head of the working electrode separated by a thin film that meltsaway or directly above the working electrode such that when the sampleis placed in the hole from above the heater then melts the top membraneso the sample mixes then the bottom member melts, allowing the mixedsample to pour down on the working electrode surface 1032. All bodyfluids will be able to be tested, however; different test strips willneed different combinations of fluid and heat or none at all of oneembodiment.

A Printed Heater:

FIG. 10B shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a printedtemperature control device of one embodiment. FIG. 10B shows a Vbatt1040 power source, a TCD en 1042, and temperature control drive 1044that operate the heating/cooling system of a disposable unit 1050. Thedisposable unit 1050 consists of a temperature control device forexample a printed temperature control device 1052 with for example ashaped printed temperature control device element including a shapedprinted temperature control device element 1054. A drive circuit for aprinted temperature control device is used for heating a patient bodilyfluid sample. The drive circuit can be microcontroller-based, analog, ora combination. The temperature control device resistance itself is usedto determine temperature. In one embodiment a temperature control devicecan include for example a shaped printed element based on printableconductive ink otherwise known as a positive temperature coefficient(PTC) temperature control device. The base resistance can be scaledlinearly by adjusting the size of the shaped printed element of oneembodiment.

A Printed Heater and Printed Sensor:

FIG. 10C shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a printedtemperature control device and printed sensor of one embodiment. FIG.10C shows a printed temperature control device and printed sensorconsisting of a shaped temperature control element 1060, heater 1062,cool down 1064; precipitate separator 1065, inlet fluid detector 1066,outlet fluid detector 1068, and at least one sensor 1070 of oneembodiment.

A Detection Cartridge:

FIG. 11A shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a detectioncartridge of one embodiment. FIG. 11A shows an electrochemical sensingplatform device 1100 including a processor 1101, at least one internaland external power source 1102, at least one communication device 1103,and at least one digital memory device 1104. The electrochemical sensingplatform device 1100 is configured to include an impedance measuringdevice 1105, an interpretation processor 1106, at least one datacartridge reader 1107, and at least one testing protocol that controlsdigital memory identification activator 1108. The electrochemicalsensing platform device 1100 includes a testing status display 1113 fordisplaying the testing process status and results. An on/off andselection button 1114 is used for turning on the power which is shown ina power-off indicator light 1115 condition. At least one detectioncartridge 1110 includes at least one functionalized printed electrode1111 and an incubation heater 1112 of one embodiment.

A Detection Device:

FIG. 11B shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a detectiondevice of one embodiment. FIG. 11B shows electrochemical sensingplatform device 1100 includes at least one detection cartridge 1110 andan on/off and selection button 1114. In this instance, the power-onindicator light 1116 is lit indicating the power has been turned on. Adetection cartridge inserted into the electrochemical sensing platform1140 produces a testing status display showing developing 29.59 1130 ofone embodiment.

A Detection Device Display Developing:

FIG. 12A shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a detectiondevice display developing of one embodiment. FIG. 12A shows theelectrochemical sensing platform device 1100, at least one detectioncartridge 1110, on/off and selection button 1114, power-on indicatorlight 1116, testing status display showing developing 29.59 1130 in ahigh fluid volume detection cartridge 1200 of one embodiment.

A Detection Device Display Test Complete:

FIG. 12B shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a detectiondevice display test complete of one embodiment. FIG. 12B shows theelectrochemical sensing platform device 1100, at least one detectioncartridge 1110, on/off and selection button 1114, and power-on indicatorlight 1116. A testing status display showing test complete 1210 and theend of a testing process cycle of one embodiment.

A Detection Cartridge Breathe Collector:

FIG. 13 shows a block diagram of an overview of a detection cartridgebreath collector of one embodiment. FIG. 13 shows in another embodimentan electrochemical sensing platform device 1300. Coupled to theelectrochemical sensing platform device 1300 is a detection cartridge1310. The detection cartridge 1310 is configured with a patientexhalation mouthpiece 1340. The patient's exhalation mouthpiece 1340 iscoupled to a breath collector 1320. The breath collector 1320 is used tocollect moisture in the exhaled air of the patient. The breath collector1320 includes a breath moisture fluid sample sufficient volume checkingdevice includes using a humidity sensor 1330. A patient may need toexhale a number of times to allow the collection of sufficient moistureto perform the testing of one embodiment.

A Multi-Reader:

FIG. 14 shows for illustrative purposes only an example of amulti-reader of one embodiment. FIG. 14 shows a multi detection devicereader 1400. The multi detection device reader 1400 is shown with atleast one detection device inserted into the multi detection devicereader 1410. Also showing is at least one detection device not insertedinto the multi detection device reader 1420. The multi detection devicereader 1400 includes test results displays. In this instance, one testresults display showing uploaded 1430 and the other test results displayshowing pending 1440 of one embodiment. In another embodiment, themulti-reader can also be wireless such that the test cartridges sit onthe table and transmit the data wirelessly to the multi-reader receiver.

Functionalized Printed Electrodes:

FIG. 15 shows a block diagram of an overview of functionalized printedelectrodes of one embodiment. FIG. 15 shows functionalized printedelectrodes 1500. The functionalized printed electrodes 1500 arefunctionalized with biologically sensitive molecules and bacterialpathogens aptamers materials 1510. In another embodiment, printedelectrodes 1500 are functionalized with an electrically conductivematerial 1512. The DNA biologically sensitive molecules probes 850 ofFIG. 8B consists of materials corresponding to the specific biologicallysensitive molecules and bacterial pathogens biologically sensitivemolecules and aptamer materials. The functionalized printed electrodes1500 are configured for detection targeted for biologically sensitivemolecules and bacterial pathogens 1520.

Electrodes functionalized with biologically sensitive molecules areconfigured to bind the targeted biologically sensitive molecules andbacterial pathogens 1530 to the probes and aptamers. At least onewireless communication device reads any changes in impedance 1540 andrecords any changes for transmission to an interpretation means. Changesin impedance include interfacial resistance 1550. A calibration curvequantifies an impedance change after binding the targeted biologicallysensitive molecules and bacterial pathogens 1560. A processor algorithmcorrelates the impedance change to a targeted concentration atmicromolar levels 1570 of one embodiment.

Electrode Binding of Targeted Biologically Sensitive Molecules andBacterial Pathogens:

FIG. 16 shows a block diagram of an overview of an example of electrodebinding of targeted biologically sensitive molecules and bacterialpathogens of one embodiment. FIG. 16 shows the electrochemical detectiondevice for COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 virus in bodily fluids 1600. A nozzledeposits an electrically conductive electrode material 1604 on aPolyimide flexible substrate 1640 or other common thermoplastic polymersincluding Polyethylene terephthalate to make a printed sensor electrode1610. A biologically sensitive molecule coating specific for SARS-CoV-2is bound to the electrically conductive electrode 1620 to form afunctionalized printed electrode. Coupled to the precision-printedsensor electrode 1610 are an external power source 1613 and an internalpower source 1612. Also coupled to the printed sensor electrode 1610 isa solution compartment 1615 the receiver for the bodily fluid sample1617.

An incubation temperature control device 854 is coupled underneath thesolution compartment 1615. The internal power source 1612 is shownconnected to the incubation temperature control device 854 for applyingheat to the bodily fluid sample during the predetermined incubation timeperiod. During incubation, the SARS-CoV-2 is bound to the electricallyconductive electrodes with biologically sensitive molecule 1622. Eachterminus of the sensor electrode forms a measurement circuit forprocessing an impedance measurement 1650. The impedance measurement 1650is read with a WIFI transmission to a smartphone 1660. Interpretation isprocessed on a sensing platform smartphone app on a patient smartphone1670. The testing results displayed on a sensing platform smartphone app1680 let the patient know quickly if they are infected with the COVID-19SARS-CoV-2 virus of one embodiment.

Electrochemical Sensing Platform Devices:

FIG. 17 shows a block diagram of an overview of electrochemical sensingplatform devices of one embodiment. FIG. 17 shows electrochemicalsensing platform devices 1700 that are configured with wirelesscommunication devices 1792, at least one processor 1770, memory device1780, interpretation circuitry and logic 1794, and impedance measurementcircuitry 1790. Detection electrode modules 1740 are inserted into theelectrochemical sensing platform devices 1700 for reading andinterpretation of the detection testing. Coupled to the detectionelectrode modules 1740 is a patient bodily fluid sample including blood,serum, and other test samples solution compartment 1710. Coupled to thepatient bodily fluid sample including blood, serum, and other testsamples solution compartment 1710 are humidity sensors 1720 and othersensors used to measure sample fluid characteristics including volume,Ph, viscosity 1722. Also coupled to the detection electrode modules 1740are at least one digital memory testing protocol Identificationactivator 1730, temperature control device 1750, and active/passiveairflow induction 1760. Another element coupled to the detectionelectrode modules 1740 is a power source 900 of one embodiment.

Application Environments:

FIGS. 18A, 18B, and 18C show application environments for use of theelectrochemical sensing platform devices and processes 100 of FIG. 1.

FIG. 18A shows for illustrative purposes only an example of the home useapplication environment of one embodiment. FIG. 18A shows in oneembodiment the electrochemical sensing platform devices and processes100 of FIG. 1 are configured for home use with an untrained user,following written instructions 1810. The home use processing of theelectrochemical sensing platform device 1800 with detection,measurement, and interpretation means reported to the user via a sensingplatform smartphone app 1812 that in this instance reports “Test Resultsno Covid-19”.

FIG. 18B shows for illustrative purposes only an example of clinic useapplication environment of one embodiment. FIG. 18B shows in anotherembodiment Clinical Use with a semi-trained user 1824, having previouslyperformed the test and follows written instructions 1820. Processingincludes electrochemical sensing platform device 1100 with detection,measurement, and test data transmitted over WIFI to a network forreading and interpretation and reporting results on a sensing platformsmartphone app in this instance waiting for the results report to bedisplayed.

FIG. 18C shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a mass-useapplication environment of one embodiment. FIG. 18C shows in yet anotherembodiment Mass Use with a trained operator 1830, repeatedly performingthe tests from documented procedures, conversant in test sampling andpreparation techniques. Mass Use utilizes an electrochemical sensingplatform device 1100 with detection, measurement, and using an externalmultiple device multi-reader and interpretation device transceiver 1400.The interpretation device transceiver can be configured with hard-wireand wireless communication to the network interpretation means. Themultiple device multi-reader and interpretation device transceiver 1400facilitates processing test of a large number of people 1834 in a shortperiod of time.

A Measurement Device with Embedded Communication Home Use Model:

FIG. 19 shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a measurementdevice with embedded communication home use model of one embodiment.FIG. 19 shows an example of a measurement device with embeddedcommunication home use model 1900. The home-use model includes adetection device 1905 with a test cassette 1910 with modules for SENS,SENS, THRM, HTR, and INFO. A measurement device 1920 is configured withPWR, 12C, PB, and an LED. The measurement device 1920 includesoperations of a displayed countdown, annunciator, and flash testresults. An operator 1930 turns on and off and makes selections of theoperations of the home use model.

The measurement device 1920 includes analog operations for self-cal(calibration), Ch-0 condition, Ch-1 condition, and temp condition. Themeasurement device 1920 includes a potentiostat controller UID, powerconverter/manager for rechargeable batteries, digital devices. UART andBluetooth module. The Bluetooth module communicates with at least onecommunication device 1960 including a smartphone 1940 for transmittingand receiving data including measurements 1945, cloud (interpretation)1950 and results 1955 of one embodiment.

A Measurement Device, External Communication Clinic, and Mass UseModels:

FIG. 20 shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a measurementdevice, external communication clinic, and mass use models of oneembodiment. FIG. 20 shows an example of a measurement device, externalcommunication clinic, and mass use models 2000. The clinic and mass usemodels include a detection device 1905 with a test cassette 1910 withmodules for SENS, SENS, THRM, HTR, and INFO.

A measurement device 1920 is configured with PWR, 12C, PB, and an LED.The measurement device 1920 includes operations of a displayedcountdown, annunciator, and flash test results. An operator 1930 turnson and off and makes selections of the operations of the home use model.The measurement device 1920 includes analog operations for self-cal(calibration), Ch-0 condition, Ch-1 condition, and temp condition.

The measurement device 1920 includes a potentiostat controller UID,power converter/manager for rechargeable batteries, digital devices.UART and protection. Communication interpretation 2020 is performed onexternal devices wherein the detection and measurement data iscommunicated to a network for interpretation. The interpretation resultsare transmitted to a patient EHR 2030 of one embodiment.

Electrochemical Air Sampling Sensing Platform Devices:

FIG. 21 shows a block diagram of an overview of electrochemical airsampling sensing platform devices of one embodiment. FIG. 21 shows areaswhere people congregate frequently including residences 2110,restaurants 2112, theaters 2114, hotels 2116, hospitals 2118, airplanes2120, and other confining occupied areas 2122.

One commonality of these locations is the ventilating of the indoor air.Incoming airflow 2130 to ventilating/air conditioning devices 2140 ispassed through the rooms and other occupied areas by the ventilating/airconditioning devices 2140 air handler device 2150. The testing of thisair can detect the presence of infectious viruses and bacterialpathogens or biomarkers indicative of the presence of infectious virusesand bacterial pathogens including SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses, MSRA,Legionnaires770830, and other infectious microorganisms.

In one embodiment, an electrochemical sensing platform device configuredfor air samples 2160 will test the air as it passes through theelectrochemical sensing platform device configured for air samples 2160.The electrochemical sensing platform device configured for air samples2160 will be placed within the airflow.

Should the electrochemical sensing platform device detect any infectiousviruses and bacterial pathogens in the air the device will broadcast adetected infectious virus and bacterial pathogen alert 2170.Communication devices in the electrochemical sensing platform devicewill initiate wireless transmissions of alert 2180 to a usercommunication device with sensing platform app 2190 so they can takeappropriate actions of one embodiment.

Exemplary System

FIG. 22 shows for illustrative purposes only an example of an exemplarysystem of one embodiment. FIG. 22 shows a monitor system 2200 generallyincludes a monitor/detector component 2220. One monitor/detectorcomponent 2220 that is particularly well-suited for purposes of thepresent disclosure is set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 8,629,770 to Hummer etal. and U.S. Pat. No. 7,176,793 to Hummer, both of which areincorporated herein by reference in their entireties. Other types ofmonitor/detector components can also be used in accordance with thepresent disclosure.

The monitor system 2200 further includes communication circuitry 2222and a power source 2238. The monitor system 2200 communication circuitry2222, in one embodiment, includes at least one of a near fieldcommunication device, Bluetooth communication device, WIFI communicationdevice, or any other suitable communication circuitry for establishingcommunications with a cell phone. The power source 2238 can be a powersupply such as a battery (lithium or other) mounted or otherwisecontained within case 2230. In other embodiments, the power source 2238can be an antenna configured to receive energy wirelessly and supply thereceived energy to one or both of the monitor/detector component 2220and/or communication circuitry 2222 such that no onboard battery isrequired for the operation of the monitor system 2200. In still otherarrangements, the monitor system 2200 power source 2224 can be aconnector configured to couple with a port of the cell phone 2230 toreceive power from a power source of the cell phone 2230.

An active or passive airflow induction device 2226 can be provided forensuring adequate and or continuous flow of air to the monitor/detectorcomponent 2220. Such devices can include fans, micro pumps, louvers,vents, etc. An active induction device can be separately replaceablewithin the system and can include its own power supply. Alternatively,an active induction device can be configured to receive power from powersupply 2224.

It should be appreciated that the monitor/detector component 2220 cancomprise a plurality of sensors 2210. The sensors 2210 can beindividually replaceable or can be replaced as a unit. Replacement ofthe sensors may be necessary due to sensor degradation. In othersituations, a user may wish to detect certain chemicals and will choosewhich sensors to install in the system. In one embodiment, the entiremonitor system 2200 is replaceable as a unit.

The sensors 2210 may detect harmful materials, such as explosives,radioactive materials, harmful chemicals, such as chemical warfareagents, nerve gases, biological materials, such as gases, anthrax, andother germ warfare agents, narcotics, and other illegal drugs, orcombinations thereof. At least one of the sensors 2210 can be configuredfor generating a signal which is indicative of the presence of anitrogen-based explosive, such as trinitrotoluene (TNT) and/or aperoxide-based explosives, such as triacetone triperoxide (TATP) orhexamethylenetriperoxidediamine (HMTD), or a combination thereof, forexample.

It will be appreciated that the monitor system 2200 is configured tocommunicate with the cell phone 2230. That is the monitor system 2200collects data and transmits or otherwise shares the collected data withthe cell phone 2230 for processing. The cell phone 2230 of theillustrated embodiment includes a processor 2232, a memory 2234, a cellphone 2230 communication circuitry 2236, and a power source 2238. Itwill be appreciated that the cell phone 2230 can include a wide varietyof additional components as is conventional. Such additional componentscan include a display device, input device, various sensors, variousantennas, etc.

Data collected by the monitor/detector 2220 is transmitted viacommunication circuitry 2222 to communication circuitry 2236 of the cellphone 2230. Other data, such as sensor state, status, performance data,and the like can also be transmitted to the cell phone 2230. Anysuitable manner of transmitting the data from the monitor system 2200 tothe cell phone 2230 can be employed.

The data collected and transmitted by the monitoring system 2200 is thenprocessed by the phone to detect one or more chemicals in accordancewith one or more methods set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 8,629,770 to Hummeret al. and U.S. Pat. No. 7,176,793 to Hummer. To this end, suitablesoftware for analyzing the data is stored in memory 2234 of the cellphone 2230. Other detection and/or analyzing methods and techniques mayalso be used in conjunction with aspects of the present disclosure.

In one embodiment, the software stored in memory 2234 can be in the formof an application, or “app”, that is downloaded from an app store or thelike. The app can be provided with various “signatures” of chemicals.The signatures can be compared to the data to determine whether thechemical signature was detected by the monitoring system 2200. The appcan be configured to be automatically updated with new signatures as theneed to detect particular chemicals arises. That is, it is possible toprovide new and/or additional chemical signatures for the app to checkagainst the data to detect specific chemicals.

The app can further include features such as adjustable thresholds. Forexample, for some chemicals that are routinely present in certainamounts and/or not generally considered dangerous below certain levels,the application can be configured to detect or trigger an alarm when athreshold amount is met or exceeded. For some chemicals which areconsidered dangerous in any amount, the thresholds would not generallybe adjustable.

The app can be further configured to, once a chemical is detected, sharethe detection information. For example, the application can beconfigured to use the communication circuitry 2236 to broadcast an alert(or generate a notification) via any suitable communications network(e.g., WIFI, NFC, Bluetooth, cell, etc.). The alert may be directly sentto other cell phones and/or personal communication devices in the areaor may be sent to a server (or through a network) and then on to deviceswithin a range of a given location. Accordingly, the application can beconfigured to use location information from a GPS chip, WIFI, or anyother location information available to the cell phone 2230 to identifythe location of the detected chemical.

The app can be configured to alert the authorities in the event certainchemicals are detected. For example, the detection of any amount ofsarin gas (or other chemical/biological agents) can trigger informationrelating to the location, time, etc. of the detection to be forwarded tocertain designated authorities for threat management/mitigation.

It should be appreciated that a network of devices having monitoringsystems, each detecting a certain chemical, can be configured to sharevaluable data regarding the dispersion of the particular chemical. Forexample, devices in close proximity to each other and the point oforigin of the chemical may detect a greater concentration of thechemical than devices further away from the point of origin. Using thisdata and an appropriate dispersion model, a point of origin can becalculated. This can allow responsive action to be taken more quicklythan otherwise would be the case.

Similarly, the data (location, concentration, etc.) from a plurality ofsuch devices can be used to predict the dispersion of the chemical sothat preemptive action can be taken to minimize exposure of humans tothe detected chemical.

Providing the monitoring system 2200 in a separate component that isattachable to a phone or other personal communication device has severaladvantages. For example, any and all such devices can becomemonitors/detectors upon the provision of a suitable case or othercomponents. Accordingly, a consumer can decide whether to add thefunctionality. In addition, the orientation, location, and other aspectsof the positioning of the sensor elements within the case or othercomponent can be standardized to provide more consistent detection ascompared to placing the sensor elements within various models of cellphones. This is because the myriad phone manufacturers and models eachhave different space constraints that would dictate different availablelocations, orientations, etc. for the sensor elements within the phone.As such, some sensor elements would be in a better position within arespective phone to detect chemicals than other phones. This can lead towidely varying detection accuracy between different phones exposed tothe same concentration of a given chemical.

It should be appreciated that, although the monitoring system 2200 isillustrated as part of a case 2205, the monitoring system 2200 can alsobe provided as a separate unit attachable either directly to a cellphone or the like, or attachable to a case in which a cell phone iscontained.

Monitoring System Devices and Processes:

FIG. 23 shows a block diagram of an overview of monitoring systemdevices and processes of one embodiment. FIG. 23 shows monitoring systemdevices and processes 2300 including a plurality of chemical sensors fordetecting certain chemical compositions 2310. In one embodiment, theplurality of chemical sensors for detecting certain chemicalcompositions 2310 are applied for military and law enforcement use 2312.A monitoring system chemical signature app for analyzing sensor detectedchemical compositions 2314 is also used for analyzing data stored on acell phone memory device for transmitting over WIFI to a network 2316.

FIG. 23 shows a plurality of biological sensors for detecting certainbiological pathogens 2302. In one embodiment, the plurality ofbiological sensors for detecting certain biological pathogens 2302 isapplied for home use 2320. A monitoring system biological pathogen appfor analyzing sensor detected biological pathogens 2322 and fordisplaying biological pathogen app for analyzing data on a user's cellphone 2324.

In another embodiment, a monitoring system biological pathogen app foranalyzing sensor detected biological pathogens 2332 is applied forclinical use 2330. The analysis data stored on a cell phone memorydevice for transmitting over WIFI to a network 2334. In yet anotherembodiment a mass use 2340 uses a monitoring system biological pathogenapp for analyzing sensor detected biological pathogens 2342. Also usesmultiple monitoring systems detection analysis data stored on a cellphone for transmitting over WIFI to a network memory device 2344 of oneembodiment.

Monitor/Detector Component:

FIG. 24 shows a block diagram of an overview of the monitor/detectorcomponent of one embodiment. FIG. 24 shows a monitor system with atleast one monitor/detector component 2400 with a plurality of chemicalsensors 2410 for detecting certain chemical compositions 2412. Theplurality of chemical sensors 2410 includes chemical sensors configuredto sample gases 2414. The monitor system with at least onemonitor/detector component 2400 can be configured with a plurality ofbiological sensors 2420 for detecting certain biological pathogens 2422.The plurality of biological sensors 2420 includes biological sensorsconfigured to sample gases 2424. The plurality of biological sensors2420 includes biological sensors configured to sample liquids 2426. Thedevices include a monitor system with at least one gas samplemonitor/detector component 2430. The devices include a monitor systemwith at least one liquid sample monitor/detector component 2440 of oneembodiment.

Liquid Sample Monitor/Detector Component:

FIG. 25 shows a block diagram of an overview of the liquid samplemonitor/detector component of one embodiment. FIG. 25 shows a monitorsystem with at least one liquid sample monitor/detector component 2440with biological sensors configured to sample liquids 2426. Detectionusing liquid samples is performed using impedimetric biosensors 2500.The impedimetric biosensors 2500 are powered using sensor circuit power2510 and use impedance measurement circuitry 2520 for an analysisprocess. At least one liquid sample monitor/detector component 2530 isconfigured for at least human salvia; breathe moisture, andnasopharyngeal liquid samples 2540.

At least one liquid sample monitor/detector component configured fordetecting certain biological pathogens including but not limited toinfectious viruses including SARS-CoV-2 2550. In another embodiment atleast one liquid sample monitor/detector component configured formultiple reading and analysis of detection data from multiple monitorsystems devices at the same time 2560 of one embodiment.

Recording the Individual Patient's Detection Analysis Data Informationin the Patient's HIPAA EHR:

FIG. 26 shows a block diagram of an overview of recording the individualpatient's detection analysis data information in the patient's HIPAA EHRof one embodiment. FIG. 26 shows monitoring system biological pathogenapp for analyzing sensor detected biological pathogens 2342. Monitoringsystems detection analysis data is stored on a cell phone for self-testand a computer or other type of receiver for clinic and mass usetransmitting over WAN or WIFI to a network memory device 2600. Theprocess includes transmitting monitor system detection analysis data foran individual patient and recording the individual patient's detectionanalysis data information in the patient's HIPAA EHR 2610.

A Monitor System for Monitoring and Detecting Chemical Compositions andBiological Pathogens:

FIG. 27 shows a block diagram of an overview of a monitor system formonitoring and detecting chemical compositions and biological pathogensof one embodiment. FIG. 27 shows a monitor system for monitoring anddetecting chemical compositions and biological pathogens 2700. Themonitor system is configured to communicate with a cell phone 2710. Themonitor system is configured with at least one monitor/detectorcomponent 2720. The monitor system is configured with a plurality ofbiological sensors 2730 for detecting certain biological pathogens 2740.The monitor system is configured with a plurality of chemical sensors2750 for detecting certain chemical compositions 2760 of one embodiment.

A Power Source:

FIG. 28 shows a block diagram of an overview of a power source of oneembodiment. FIG. 28 shows the monitor system 2200 coupled to a powersource 2224. The power source 2224 can be configured to include a powersupply including a type of battery including but not limited to alithium battery 2820. The power source 2224 can be configured to includephotovoltaic cells and power through a wireless energy receiving antennaconfigured to supply energy to case 2830. The power source 2224 can beconfigured to include an external rechargeable battery pack connected(wired or wireless) to the case attached to the phone 2840. The externalrechargeable battery pack can be charged with wired, wireless, and solarcharging 2842.

The power source 2224 is configured to be a power supply 2850 as shownin FIG. 16. The power source 2224 is configured to be a power supply2850 for communication circuitry 2860. Communication circuitry 2860 canbe configured to include one or more from a group including a near fieldcommunication device 2870, Bluetooth communication device 2872, WIFIcommunication device 2874, and any other suitable communicationcircuitry 2876. The communication circuitry 2860 is used forestablishing communications with a cell phone 2230. A cell phone 2230 orother communication device is the communication link to the user. Thecell phone includes a digital processor, a memory device, acommunication circuitry, and a power source 2892. The cell phone 2230can include additional components including a display device, inputdevice, various sensors, various antennas, and other features 2894 ofone embodiment.

A Fluid Flow Induction Device:

FIG. 29 shows a block diagram of an overview of a fluid flow inductiondevice of one embodiment. FIG. 29 shows a continuation from FIG. 28 themonitor/detector component 2900 mounted or otherwise contained within acase 2910. A case can be made of a hard plastic two-piece frame 2922. Acase 2920 can be made in any form made of a resilient material that canbe deformed 2926. A fluid flow induction device is used for providingfor adequate and or continuous flow of fluid to monitor 2930. A passivefluid flow induction device including louvers, vents, fluid flowdirectional devices 2940. Louvers or vent openings can be positioned tomaximize fluid flow to the sensor increasing fluid flow for detection ofcertain chemicals more efficient 2945.

Also continuing from FIG. 28 is showing an active fluid flow inductiondevice including louvers, vents, fluid flow directional devices 2950with an independent power supply 2970, fans and micro-pumps 2960, andactive fluid flow inducing devices for ensuring sufficient fluid flowacross the sensors in a fixed location with restricted fluid movement2965 of one embodiment.

A Cell Phone for Processing:

FIG. 30 shows a block diagram of an overview of a cell phone forprocessing of one embodiment. FIG. 30 shows the monitor system collectsdata and transmits or otherwise shares the collected data with the cellphone for processing 3000. The data collected by the monitor/detector istransmitted via communication circuitry to the cell phone communicationcircuitry 3010. Other data, such as sensor state, status, performancedata, and other data can also be transmitted to the cell phone 3020. Thedata collected and transmitted by the monitoring system is thenprocessed by the cell phone to detect one or more chemical compositionor biological pathogen in accordance with one or more methods 3030.

Programmable code for analyzing the data is stored in the memory of thecell phone 3040. Other detection and/or analyzing methods and techniquesmay also be used 3050 The programmable code stored in memory can be inthe form of an application, or “app”, that is downloaded and providedwith various “signatures” of chemical compositions or biologicalpathogens 3060 of one embodiment.

Sensors May Detect Harmful Materials:

FIG. 31 shows a block diagram of an overview of sensors that may detectharmful materials of one embodiment. FIG. 31 shows sensors may detectunwanted or harmful materials, including explosives, radioactivematerials, harmful chemicals, including chemical warfare agents, nervegases, biological materials, including gases, anthrax, and other germwarfare agents, narcotics, other illegal drugs, and unwanted materials,or combinations thereof 3100. At least one of the sensors can beconfigured for generating a signal which is indicative of the presenceof a nitrogen-based explosive, including trinitrotoluene (TNT) and/or aperoxide-based explosive, including triacetone triperoxide (TATP) orhexamethylenetriperoxidediamine (HMTD), or a combination thereof 3110.

Chemical signatures can be compared to the monitor system collected datato determine whether a specific chemical signature was detected by themonitoring system 3120. A chemical signature app can be configured to beautomatically updated with new signatures as the need to detectparticular chemicals arise 3130. The chemical signature app featuresinclude adjustable thresholds 3140, for example, for some chemicals thatare routinely present in certain amounts and/or not generally considereddangerous below certain levels, the chemical signature app can beconfigured to detect or trigger an alarm when a threshold amount is metor exceeded 3150. The description is continued in FIG. 32.

A Chemical Signature App:

FIG. 32 shows a block diagram of an overview of a chemical signature appof one embodiment. FIG. 32 shows a continuation from FIG. 31 shows thechemical signature app can be configured to detect or trigger an alarmwhen a chemical which is considered dangerous or an unwanted chemical inany amount 3200. The chemical signature app is configured to, once achemical is detected, share the detection information 3210, for example,the chemical signature app is configured to use the communicationcircuitry to broadcast an alert (or generate a notification) via anysuitable communications network e.g., WIFI, NFC, Bluetooth, cell, andother networks 3220. The alert may be directly sent to other cell phonesand/or personal communication devices in the area, or may be sent to aserver (or through a network) and then on to devices within a range of agiven location 3230.

The chemical signature app is configured to use location informationfrom a GPS chip, WIFI, or any other location information available tothe cell phone to identify the location of the detected chemical 3240.The chemical signature app can be configured to alert the authorities inthe event certain chemicals are detected 3250, for example, thedetection of any amount of sarin gas (or other chemical/biologicalweapons) can trigger information relating to the location, time, andother data of the detection to be forwarded to certain designatedauthorities for threat management/mitigation 3260 of one embodiment.

A Biological Pathogen App:

FIG. 33 shows a block diagram of an overview of a biological pathogenapp of one embodiment. FIG. 33 shows a plurality of biological sensors2730 for detecting certain biological pathogens 2740 including viruses,bacteria, fungi, and parasites 3300. At least one of the sensors can beconfigured for generating a signal which is indicative of the presenceof an infectious biological pathogen including SARS-CoV-2, influenza,tuberculosis, and others 3310. Biological pathogens can be compared tothe monitor system collected data to determine whether a specificbiological pathogen was detected by the monitoring system 3320. Abiological pathogen app can be configured to be automatically updatedwith new signatures as the need to detect particular biologicalpathogens arise 3330. The description is continued in FIG. 34.

Communication Circuitry to Broadcast an Alert:

FIG. 34 shows a block diagram of an overview of communication circuitryto broadcast an alert of one embodiment. FIG. 34 shows a continuationfrom FIG. 33 the biological pathogen app can be configured to detect ortrigger an alarm when a pathogen that is considered highly infectious isdetected 3400. The biological pathogen app is configured to, once ahighly infectious pathogen is detected, share the detection information3410, for example, the biological pathogen app is configured to use thecommunication circuitry to broadcast an alert (or generate anotification) via any suitable communications network e.g., WIFI, NFC,Bluetooth, cell, and other networks 3420. The alert may be directly sentto other cell phones and/or personal communication devices in the area,or may be sent to a server (or through a network) and then on to deviceswithin a range of a given location 3430 of one embodiment.

A Network of Devices Having a Plurality of Monitoring Systems:

FIG. 35 shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a network ofdevices having a plurality of monitoring systems of one embodiment. FIG.35 shows a network of devices having a plurality of monitoring systems,each detecting a certain chemical 3500. The plurality of monitoringsystems configured to share valuable data regarding the dispersion ofthe particular chemical 3510. Monitoring systems in close proximity toeach other and a point of origin of the chemical may detect a greaterconcentration of the chemical than monitoring systems further away fromthe point of origin 3520. This data is used for creating a dispersionmodel for calculating a point of origin of the source of the chemical3530. Pinpointing the point of origin allows responsive actions to betaken more quickly than otherwise would be the case 3540. The dataincluding location, concentration, and other data from a plurality ofmonitoring systems can be used to predict the dispersion of the chemicalso that preemptive actions can be taken to minimize exposure of humansto the detected chemical 3550 of one embodiment.

The Monitoring System Configured in a Separate Component:

FIG. 36 shows a block diagram of an overview of the monitoring systemconfigured in a separate component of one embodiment. FIG. 36 shows themonitoring system can be configured in a separate component that isattachable to other devices 3600. The monitoring system is configured tocommunicate with other devices besides a personal communication device3610 including scanners and other devices adapted to connect and receivedata from a plurality of such monitoring systems 3612. The monitoringsystem is attachable either directly to a cell phone or other personalcommunication device or attachable to a case 3620. A standalonemonitoring system wirelessly linked to a personal communication devicewithout being physically attached thereto 3630 can be used. Themonitoring system operating frequency 3640 can be varied for aparticular use. The monitoring system can be configured to activatesensors only when connected to a personal communication device 3650. Inthis operating frequency, the monitoring system generally lies dormantuntil a connection is made with a remote device 3655. The monitoringsystem operating frequency 3640 can be configured to periodicallyactivate to sense for the presence of one or more chemicals regardlessof whether the system is connected to a remote device 3660. In thiscase, once the monitoring system connects to a remote device, all pastdata gathered by the system can be transmitted to the remote device toprovide a sensing history 3665 of one embodiment.

A Scanning Device:

FIG. 37 shows a block diagram of an overview of a scanning device of oneembodiment. FIG. 37 shows a monitor system with at least onemonitor/detector component 3700 and a plurality of chemical sensors 2750for detecting certain chemical compositions 2760. A monitoring system isprovided in a separate container 3710 to monitor for chemicals outsideof the box 3720. When the personal communication device is placed inproximity to a shipping box 3730 the monitoring system transmits thedata to the personal communication device. The monitoring system can beplaced inside the box, for detecting chemicals carried within the box3740. A scanning device can be associated with a conveyor system of aparcel service for scanning packages by communicating with monitoringsystems associated with the packages as they advance through a shippingfacility 3750. The monitor systems can be associated with luggage andother airline or common carrier freight and other types of enclosedcontainers and enclosed areas 3760 of one embodiment.

RC Ground Vehicles and Aircraft:

FIG. 38 shows a block diagram of an overview of RC ground vehicles andaircraft of one embodiment. FIG. 38 shows a monitor system with at leastone monitor/detector component 3700 and a plurality of chemical sensors2750 for detecting certain chemical compositions 2760. In one embodimentdeploying monitor systems at exhaust vents and smokestacks is used fordetecting hazardous chemical compositions 2810. Monitor system detectionsystems are configured to be attached to RC ground vehicles and aircraftincluding drones 2820.

The monitor system GPS devices are configured to provide directionalguidance to the steering devices of the RC ground vehicles and aircraftincluding drones for changing direction to follow the highestconcentration of detected targeted chemical compositions for examplechemical fumes of combusted materials 2830. The monitor system isconfigured for transmitting data to a device to plot the GPS directionsbeing followed, the course, on an area map to display the probable areaunder conflagration for early pinpointing of wild and forest fires todirect firefighter to the specific locations 2840 of one embodiment.

Directional Guidance to the Steering Devices:

FIG. 39 shows a block diagram of an overview of directional guidance tothe steering devices of one embodiment. FIG. 39 shows a monitor systemwith at least one monitor/detector component 3700 with a plurality ofchemical sensors 2750 for detecting certain chemical compositions 2760.Monitor system detection systems are configured to be attached to RCground vehicles and aircraft including drones 3820. The monitor systemGPS devices are configured to provide directional guidance to thesteering devices of the RC ground vehicles and aircraft including dronesfor changing direction to follow the highest concentration of detectedtargeted chemical compositions for example chemical fumes of hazardousmaterials 3900. Using the monitor systems for detecting and earlypinpointing of hazardous waste spills 3910. The monitor systems areconfigured for transmitting the GPS data to a device to plot the pathbeing followed on an area map to display the probable area of thehazardous waste spill 3920 of one embodiment.

Location of Medical Waste Disposal:

FIG. 40 shows a block diagram of an overview of the location of medicalwaste disposal of one embodiment. FIG. 40 shows a monitor system with atleast one monitor/detector component 3700 with a plurality of chemicalsensors 4050 for detecting certain chemical compositions 4060. Inanother embodiment, the monitor system is configured with a plurality ofbiological sensors 4030 for detecting certain biological pathogens 4040.Some applications are configured for combining multiple detectionsystems configured for detecting chemical compositions and biologicalpathogens simultaneously 4010. The plurality of biological sensors 4030for detecting certain biological pathogens 4040 can be used with themonitor system detection systems is configured to be attached to RCground vehicles and aircraft including drones 3820. Application includesusing detection systems configured with biological sensors to locate thelocation of medical waste disposal, decomposing bodies of missinglivestock, and bodies of missing persons 4000 of one embodiment.

Monitor Systems are Placed in Air Handlers:

FIG. 41 shows a block diagram of an overview of monitor systems areplaced in air handlers of one embodiment. FIG. 41 shows a monitor systemwith at least one monitor/detector component 3700 with a plurality ofbiological sensors 2730 for detecting certain biological pathogens 2740.Monitor systems are placed in air handlers to detect pathogens in theair 4100. Monitor systems are configured to activate disinfectantdispersing devices when pathogens are detected in the air 4110. Monitorsystems GPS chips record the GPS coordinates in a memory device of thedetection reader 4120. The monitor systems are configured to transmitdetection location GPS coordinates to a sensing platform smartphone app4130 of one embodiment.

Detection Mechanism of COVID-19 Using MXene Biosensors:

FIG. 42A shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a detectionmechanism of COVID-19 using MXene biosensors of one embodiment. FIG. 42Ashows a detection mechanism of COVID-19 using MXene biosensors 4200 witha process for material synthesis 4202 of MXene. Providing bulk layeredcarbide powders (MAX phase) 4204 as shown with carbide powders molecules4206 in a Ti3AIC2 (MAX phase) 4205. The process uses selective etching4210 to transform the bulk layered carbide powders (MAX phase) 4204. Aselective etching and sonication 4215 process result in MXene molecules4220 Ti3C2Tx (MXene) 4225. The description continues in FIG. 42B of oneembodiment.

Biologically Sensitive Molecules Hybridization:

FIG. 42B shows for illustrative purposes only an example of biologicallysensitive molecules hybridization of one embodiment. Hybridization isthe process of combining two complementary single-stranded DNA or RNAmolecules and allowing them to form a single double-stranded moleculethrough base pairing. FIG. 42B shows a continuation from 42A with adetection mechanism 4228 utilizing a plurality of biologically sensitivemolecules probe 4230 and MXene 4240. The plurality in this example ofbiologically sensitive molecules probes 4230 are SARS-CoV-2 biologicallysensitive molecules 4250. The SARS-CoV-2 biologically sensitivemolecules 4250 layered onto the MXene 4240 molecules stabilizedinductively forming a weak bond. A plurality of COVID-19 N genes 4260from the SARS-CoV-2 biologically sensitive molecules 4250 undergoesbiologically sensitive molecules hybridization 4270. The DNAbiologically sensitive molecules hybridization 4270 creates ssDNAbiologically sensitive molecules functionalized 2D MXene increasingconductivity with DNA biologically sensitive molecules hybridization4275. The hybridization process is orienting the biologically sensitivemolecules on the surface of the conductive layer consisting of one froma group of graphene, other allotropes of carbon, and MXene, to ensurethat the stronger bond between the biologically sensitive molecules andthe target genetic material (RNA of SARS-Cov-2) overpowers the weakerelectrostatic bond between the surface of the conductive layer and thebiologically sensitive molecules of one embodiment.

A Disposable Detection Cartridge:

FIG. 43A shows a block diagram of an overview of a disposable detectioncartridge of one embodiment. FIG. 43A shows a disposable detectioncartridge to detect selectable biologic analytical targets 4300. A testsubject deposits a bodily fluid test sample into the disposabledetection cartridge 4310. The bodily fluid test sample may consist of atest subject bodily fluid test sample or nasopharyngeal fluid testsample 4312. The bodily fluid test sample may consist of a test subjectbreath moisture bodily fluid test sample 4314. The bodily fluid testsample is deposited into the detection cartridge 4320. The bodily fluidtest sample comes in contact with an integrated electrochemical sensingdevice for electrochemical detection of biologic analytical targets4322.

The integrated electrochemical sensing device for electrochemicaldetection of biologic analytical targets 4322 comprises a polyimidedielectric flexible film substrate 4324 with a carbon sensor bound tothe substrate 4326. The carbon sensor includes biologic analyticaltarget functionalized DNA biologically sensitive molecules inductivelyaligned and bound to the carbon sensor forming a weak bond 4328.Electrically conductive material electrodes printed on the carbon sensor4329.

A test sample of biologically sensitive molecules complementary to thefunctionalized biologic analytical target DNA biologically sensitivemolecules with a strong bond lifts the DNA biologically sensitivemolecules from the carbon sensor 4330. A power supply 4342 energizesthrough power circuits 4340 the electrically conductive materialelectrodes printed on the carbon sensor 4329.

A test sample RNA biologically sensitive molecules complementary to thefunctionalized biologic analytical target DNA biologically sensitivemolecules with a strong bond lifts the DNA biologically sensitivemolecules from the carbon sensor 4330. The electrical power in twophases arcs across two electrodes to complete the circuit. An electricalimpedance measurement device 4350 measures the resistance in ohms acrossthe electrical impedance measurement device circuits 4352. A temperaturemeasurement device for measuring the temperature of the test sample. Asaline detector for measuring the salt concentration of the test sample.An electrical field and ionic strength measuring device for measuringthe electrical field and ionic strength of the test sample. Theelectrical field, ionic strength, temperature, and salt concentration ofthe bodily fluid test sample affect the speed of sensing performance.These factors are measured and recorded on a memory device in thedetection cartridge 1110. A digital processor installed in the portabledetection cartridge reader 1100 reads these factors received fromdetection cartridge 1110 after inserting the detection cartridge 1110into the portable detection cartridge reader 1100. The portabledetection cartridge reader 1100 digital processor calculates theanticipated optimal sensing performance time and adjusts the time of theoperation of the electrical power and current level to complete theimpedance measurement processing. The description continues in FIG. 43Bof one embodiment.

A Portable Detection Cartridge Reader:

FIG. 43B shows a block diagram of an overview of a portable detectioncartridge reader of one embodiment. FIG. 43B shows a continuation fromFIG. 43A with a portable detection cartridge reader 4360. The portabledetection cartridge reader 4360 comprises a detection cartridgeinsertion connection port coupling 4361 with circuits for transferringdata from the disposable detection cartridge to detect selectablebiologic analytical targets 4300 of FIG. 43A. The portable detectioncartridge reader 4360 further comprises a digital processor 4363 forformatting the disposable detection cartridge transferred dataautomatically. Formatting the disposable detection cartridge transferreddata includes adding the portable detection cartridge reader 4360 uniqueidentifying number, the disposable detection cartridge identifyingnumber showing the biologic analytical target identification code, thetesting GPS location, date and time, base impedance measured without thetest sample, and the impedance data with the test sample in contact withthe sensor.

The portable detection cartridge reader 4360 further comprises anear-field transceiver 4364 for communicating with a test subjectdigital device automatically. At least one communication device 4364 isprovided for transmitting electrical impedance measurement device data4370 automatically. After formatting the data is transmitted to identifysensors network platform cloud plurality of databases and servers 4371automatically. The data is stored on a plurality of databasesautomatically. The stored data is automatically transmitted to algorithmprocessors for automatically processing the impedance data fordetermining any presence of the biologic target source 4372. Negativeresults show no match was made to the biologic analytical target 4373.Positive results show a match was made indicating the presence andconcentration of the biologic analytical target 4374.

The test results are transmitted to the portable detection cartridgereader 4360 and displayed automatically within minutes. The near-fieldtransceiver 4363 automatically determines if the test subject digitaldevice is in close proximity to receive the test results, if so then theresults are transmitted to the test subject digital device. Should thetest subject digital device be out of range for a near-fieldtransmission then at least one communication device 4364 automaticallytransmits a cellular signal to the test subject digital device fordisplaying the test results on the test subject digital device. The testsubject digital device may for example be a test subject's smartphonewith an identify sensors application installed for receiving biologicdetection test results 4375 of one embodiment.

A Portable Detection Cartridge:

FIG. 43C shows for illustrative purposes only an example of aconstruction overview of one embodiment. FIG. 43C shows the sensorbuild-up for two different sensors. The “conductivity sensor” is onetype of sensor and the “impedimetric antigen sensor” is another. Theconstruction overview 4380 shows a cartridge top 4381 made of PMMA or(PC) 4382. A mechanical bond/seal 4383 couples the cartridge top 4381 tothe sensor film 4384. A mechanical bond/seal 4383 couples the sensorfilm 4384 to a cartridge base 4385 made of PMMA or (PC) 4382. Acartridge top/base: mechanically bonded 4386 enclosing the sensor film:no exposure to UV or Temp>40C 4387 of one embodiment.

Sensor Build-Up:

FIG. 43D shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a sensorbuild-up of one embodiment. FIG. 43D shows a sensor build-up for twodifferent types of sensors. The first is the “Conductivity Sensors” thesecond sensor is the “Antigen Sensor”. The antigen sensor will be usedfor applications involving breath or in HVAC systems. FIG. 43D shows asensor build-up 4390 for the two different types of sensors. Thefollowing are definitions 4391 used in this figure and include BSM:Biologically Sensitive Material; CP: Contact Print; NCP: Non-ContactPrint; IJ: Inkjet Print; and Solution: Solution-Processed. AConductivity Sensor 4392 includes a BSM IJ and graphene IJ. It should beappreciated that the BSM and graphene layers can also be screen printed4399. An Impedimetric Antigen Sensor 4393 includes an Ag/AgCl NCP, BSMSolution, SAM Solution, and Gold/Silver/Copper/Nickel CP. The twodifferent types of sensors include an Insulation CP 4394,Carbon/Passivation CP 4395 [Contact Area] 4396, Conductive CP 4397, andSensor Substrate 4398 of one embodiment.

An Electrical Current Method:

FIG. 44 shows for illustrative purposes only an example of an electricalcurrent method of one embodiment. FIG. 44 shows a COVID-19 detectionusing a graphene sensor 4400 for an electrical current method 4401 ofdetecting selectable biologic analytical targets. A target solution 4402is deposited on a plurality of an AU/AG/CU/NI electrode 4432 precisionprinted on a graphene 4412 material bonded to a polyimide substrate4414. The electrical current method 4401 uses a two-terminal method4403.

The sensor structure can be of embodiments including a commercial CVDgraphene on PET 4415 or print graphene ink on a polyimide substrate andupon the graphene 4412 depositing AU/AG/CU/NI electrodes with e-beamevaporation 4430. The chemical symbols used herein are AU for gold, AGfor silver, CU for copper and NI for nickel. On the surface of thegraphene 4412 bonded to the polyimide substrate 4414 and between eachAU/AG/CU/NI electrode 4432, DNA biologically sensitive molecules probes4440 are polarized and bonded to the graphene 4412.

In this example, the DNA biologically sensitive molecules probes 4440are COVID-19 target 4455 DNA biologically sensitive molecules probes fordetecting the selectable biologic analytical target COVID-19 alsoreferred to herein as SARS-CoV-2. Graphene sensors are processed forfunctionalization by depositing onto the devices 4456 in a DNAbiologically sensitive molecules probes 4440 solution. IDE electrodescan be functionalized by drop cast, dip coat, spray coat, and othermeans. The DNA biologically sensitive molecules probes 4440 solution mayinclude spray-coated DNA biologically sensitive molecules on top of thegraphene 4462 for DNA biologically sensitive molecules DNA hybridization4460. COVID-19 target RNA biologically sensitive molecules 4470 may bepresent in a test subject's bodily fluid sample target solution 4402.

A power supply 4480 energizes each AU/AG/CU/NI electrode 4432 throughpower supply circuits 4485. The power supply 4480 current increased 4482sufficiently to complete a circuit between the pairs of the AU/AG/CU/NIelectrode 4432 in the two-terminal methods 4403. Each selectablebiologic analytical target produces different impedance results whenpower is applied. Proprietary experimentation has determined theseunique impedance characteristics. No amplification or changes to the rawmaterial (DNA biologically sensitive molecules probes and target RNAbiologically sensitive molecules) are made to obtain a pureunadulterated impedance measurement of one embodiment.

Working Mechanism for Carbon Sensors:

FIG. 45A shows a block diagram of an overview of the working mechanismfor carbon sensors of one embodiment. FIG. 45A shows a working mechanismfor carbon sensors 4500. The sensor may provide a carbon element of onefrom a group of MXene, graphene, and carbon materials with similarcharacteristics. The carbon element has a large surface to volume ratio4501. The surface functionalization 4502 with DNA biologically sensitivemolecules of a selectable biologic analytical target allows selectivedetection 4503 of biological organisms for example SARS-CoV-2 virus,influenza virus, swine flu, MSRA, Legionnaires, and many others.Improving reproducibility of carbon sensors 4508 includes amicro-gravure system for R2R thin-film deposition 4510 and R2R NIRdrying and sintering processes. The term R2R herein refers toroll-to-roll processing or R2R. Roll-to-roll processing may include amulti-functional R2R system, including in-line electrospray 4520.Production costs are reduced using scaled production of carbon-basedsensors by using R2R thin film deposition system 4530. The end productof the R2R process creates an integrated laminated structure of carbonsensors 4532. The detection cartridge 1310 of FIG. 13 provides aselectable biologic target detection system that is field-deployable andin one embodiment rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 devices 4534 in oneembodiment. The description continues in FIG. 45B.

Manufacturing Steps for Carbon-Based Sensors:

FIG. 45B shows a block diagram of an overview flow chart ofmanufacturing steps for carbon-based sensors of one embodiment. FIG. 45Bshows a continuation from FIG. 45A and showing manufacturing steps forcarbon-based sensors 4560 including bonding commercial single-layeredcarbon to a PET substrate 4562. Another step is depositing AU/AG/CU/NIelectrodes using printing on the single-layered carbon 4564. Asubsequent step is immobilizing biologically sensitive molecules oncarbon using spray-coating 4566. The manufacturing steps for theproduction of carbon-based sensors 4560 provide optimizing manufacturingparameters 4568 of one embodiment.

Conductive-Based Sensors Manufacturing Parameters:

FIG. 46 shows a block diagram of an overview of conductive-based sensorsmanufacturing parameters of one embodiment. FIG. 46 showsconductive-based sensors manufacturing parameters 4600. Onemanufacturing parameter includes a conductive carbon sensor bonded topolyimide substrate 4602. The conductive carbon materials include onefrom a group of MXene 4603, graphene 4604, and other carbon materialswith similar characteristics.

Another manufacturing parameter includes jet printing, screen printing,inkjet printing, digital printing, 3D printing, and additivemanufacturing of conductive electrodes 4610. The conductive electrodematerials include gold 4611, or silver 4612, or copper 4613 or nickel.Another manufacturing parameter includes depositing using ink-jet printor screen print at least one layer of graphene or other carbon ink. Thisstep may require multiple layers, at different densities or ink volume,and a different speed, power, and duration setting.

Another manufacturing parameter includes drying/curing using variousmethods of drying including but not limited to NIR, laser, microwave,pulse forge, filter, paddle, spherical, and can be used at differentspeed and power settings. Another manufacturing parameter includescleaning/treatment using various methods of cleaning or plasma treatmentto remove interfering ions.

Another manufacturing parameter includes a binding sensor and optimizingsensor conductivity using various drying, sintering, and cleaningmethods 4630. In one embodiment, sintering target biologic materialincludes an air-spray 4632. The air-spray 4632 produces a spray coatingbiologically sensitive molecules solution on conductive carbon sensorsurface 4633. The Sintering parameter includes various methods ofsintering including but not limited to (NIR, laser, microwave, pulse,etc. . . . ) can be used at a different speed, power, cycle, anddistance setting. In another embodiment, sintering target biologicmaterial includes an electrostatic spray 4634. The electrostatic spray4634 is controlled according to nozzle size, operating pressure/voltage,operating distance between the spray nozzle and the substrate, dryingtemperature 4635. In another embodiment, deposition includes inkjetprinting biologically sensitive molecules solution on conductive carbonsensor surface 4636. In another embodiment, deposition includesdip-coating biologically sensitive molecules solution on conductivecarbon sensor surface 4637.

Electrochemical Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Biologic Analytical Target:

FIG. 47A shows for illustrative purposes only an example ofelectrochemical detection of SARS-CoV-2 biologic analytical target ofone embodiment. FIG. 47A shows a detection sensor for electrochemicaldetection of SARS-CoV-2 biologic analytical target 4700. The detectionsensor for electrochemical detection of SARS-CoV-2 biologic analyticaltarget 4700 comprises a bodily fluid deposition port 4710 for depositingbodily fluid drops 4711 onto the detection sensor. The detection sensorbase is a polyimide dielectric flexible film substrate 4720. On thesubstrate, a carbon sensor is bonded to the polyimide substrate 4702. Aplurality of target biologic biologically sensitive molecules specificfor SARS-CoV-2, are bound to the carbon sensor and stabilizedinductively 4724. Printed electrodes 4725 are positioned on the surfaceof the carbon sensor.

Biologic analytical target RNA biologically sensitive molecules 4740 inthe bodily fluid showing in these examples SARS-CoV-2 RNA biologicallysensitive molecules, if present in the bodily fluid creates a uniqueimpedance to the electrical circuit flowing through the printedelectrodes 4725. A measured power level is delivered through for examplea first IDE 4730. The electrical power flows through the first IDE 4730electrodes from printed IDEs 4722. The electrical power from a first IDEcircuit 4732 is conducted by the plurality of target biologic DNAmolecules specific for SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 RNA biologicallysensitive molecules to the second IDE 4731 electrodes completing thecircuit to a second IDE circuit 4734.

The plurality of target biologic DNA biologically sensitive moleculesspecific for SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 RNA biologically sensitivemolecules create a resistance to the flow of the electricity(impedance). The resulting reduction in the flow of electricity(impedance) is measured. In this example, the impedance of the pluralityof target biologic DNA biologically sensitive molecules specific forSARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 RNA biologically sensitive molecules is knownthrough proprietary experimentation. A positive test result shows theimpedance measurement decreases and current measurement increases.Should the measured impedance match the experimentally determined knownSARS-CoV-2 impedance, it indicates the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.If the measured impedance does not match the experimentally determinedknown SARS-CoV-2 impedance, it indicates the SARS-CoV-2 virus is notpresent in the bodily fluid sample of one embodiment.

Breathe Moisture Test Sampling:

FIG. 47B shows for illustrative purposes only an example of breathmoisture test sampling of one embodiment. FIG. 47B shows a test subjectblowing moist breath into the bodily fluid deposition port 4710 of thedetection cartridge 1310. A test subject breath moisture bodily fluidtest sample 4314 deposits biologic analytical target RNA biologicallysensitive molecules 4740, if present. If present, the detection sensorfor electrochemical detection of SARS-CoV-2 biologic analytical target4700 test results will be positive of one embodiment.

No Test Sample Impedance Measurement:

FIG. 48A shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a no testsample impedance measurement of one embodiment. FIG. 48A shows thedetection sensor for electrochemical detection of SARS-CoV-2 biologicanalytical target 4700. The detection sensor includes the polyimidesubstrate 4702, in one embodiment graphene 4412, target biologicallysensitive molecules deposited onto the graphene 4800, and at least twoAU/AG/CU/NI electrodes 4432. In one embodiment, the biologicallysensitive molecules are drop cast onto the sensor surface. Otherembodiments include spray coating and dip coating the biologicallysensitive molecules onto the sensor surface. Drop casting is a thin filmdeposition onto a flat surface followed by evaporation of the solution.A thin film is a layer of material ranging from a few tenths of ananometer to several micrometers in thickness.

At least two AU/AG/CU/NI electrodes 4432 carry an electrical current4804 flow between two pole AU/AG/CU/NI electrodes. An electrodemeasurement circuit 4810 passes the electrical current 4804 in thisexample through a meter to measure the circuit electrical current 4804.The meter reading with no bodily fluid sample present 4812 shows thebase current. The meter reading data is transmitted to a cloud 4814 forrecording and analysis. A graph of detection cartridge data 4816 isshown with the flat line base current and determined by an algorithmicanalysis of detection cartridge data no test sample present 4818 of oneembodiment.

Test Sample with Low Biologic Target Concentration ImpedanceMeasurement:

FIG. 48B shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a testsample with low biologic target concentration impedance measurement ofone embodiment. FIG. 48B shows the detection sensor for electrochemicaldetection of SARS-CoV-2 biologic analytical target 4700. The detectionsensor includes the polyimide substrate 4702, graphene 4412; targetbiologically sensitive molecules layered onto the graphene 4800, and atleast two AU/AG/CU/NI electrodes 4432.

The bodily fluid sample in this example deposits target biologicallysensitive molecules 4824 onto the target biologic molecules layered ontothe graphene 4800 of FIG. 48A. The weak bond of the target biologicallysensitive molecules layered onto the graphene 4800 is broken and liftsthe target biological molecules due to the stronger bond with thebiologically sensitive molecules 4820. The detection sensorautomatically initiates an electrical current 4804 in the electrodemeasurement circuit 4810. The meter reading within a low concentrationof target biologic biologically sensitive molecules 4826 measures thecurrent through the biologically sensitive molecules.

The current data is automatically transmitted to the cloud 4814. Thegraph of detection cartridge data 4816 displays the algorithmic analysisof detection cartridge data of low concentration of target biologicallysensitive molecules 4829 showing a spike in the current. The currentmeasurement identifies the biologically sensitive molecules as theSARS-CoV-2 biologic analytical target and the magnitude of the impedancemeasurement indicates the low concentration of the numbers of COVID-19biologically sensitive molecules. These test findings produce a positiveresult that the test subject is infected with COVID-19 of oneembodiment.

Test Sample with High Biologic Target Concentration ImpedanceMeasurement:

FIG. 48C shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a testsample with high biologic target concentration impedance measurement ofone embodiment. FIG. 48C shows the detection sensor for electrochemicaldetection of SARS-CoV-2 biologic analytical target 4700. The detectionsensor includes the polyimide substrate 4702, graphene 4412; targetbiologic molecules layered onto the graphene 4800, and at least twoAU/AG/CU/NI electrodes 4432.

The bodily fluid sample in this example deposits target biologicallysensitive molecules 4824 onto the target biologic molecules layered ontothe graphene 4800 of FIG. 48A. The weak bond of the target biologic DNAmolecules layered on to the graphene 4800 is broken and lifts the targetbiologic DNA molecules due to the stronger bond of the biologicallysensitive molecules 4820. The detection sensor automatically initiatesan electrical current 4804 in the electrode measurement circuit 4810.

The meter reading of the higher concentration of target biologicallysensitive molecules 4840 measures the current through the biologicallysensitive molecules. The current data is automatically transmitted tothe cloud 4814. The graph of detection cartridge data 4816 displays thealgorithmic analysis of detection cartridge data of low concentration oftarget biologically sensitive molecules 4836 showing a spike in thecurrent. The current measurement identifies the biologically sensitivemolecules as the SARS-CoV-2 biologic analytical target and the magnitudeof the current measurement indicates the higher concentration of thenumbers of COVID-19 biologically sensitive molecules. These testfindings produce a positive result that the test subject is infectedwith COVID-19 of one embodiment.

Opened Test Cartridge Showing Sensor:

FIG. 49A shows for illustrative purposes only an example of opened testcartridge showing a sensor of one embodiment. FIG. 49A shows thedetection cartridge 1110 opened with a detection cartridge top cover4900 to one side and an interior view of the detection cartridge bottomcase 4905. The interior view shows the detection sensor forelectrochemical detection of SARS-CoV-2 biologic analytical target 4700installed in the detection cartridge bottom case 4905 of one embodiment.In one embodiment the detection cartridge bottom case 4905 includes aheater to test cartridge samples.

Closed Test Cartridge:

FIG. 49B shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a closedtest cartridge of one embodiment. FIG. 49B shows the detection cartridge1110 closed with the detection sensor for electrochemical detection ofSARS-CoV-2 biologic analytical target 4700 of FIG. 47A installed oneembodiment.

Test Subject Depositing Sample:

FIG. 49C shows for illustrative purposes only an example of test subjectdepositing sample of one embodiment. FIG. 49C shows the test subjectblowing moist breath into the detection cartridge bodily fluiddeposition port 4920. A bodily fluid deposition port 4930 includes apassageway for the moisture in the test subject's breath to deposit onthe detection sensor for electrochemical detection of SARS-CoV-2biologic analytical target 4700 of FIG. 47A within the detectioncartridge 1110 of one embodiment.

Test Cartridge Inserting into Portable Detection Cartridge Reader:

FIG. 49D shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a testcartridge inserting into a portable detection cartridge reader of oneembodiment. FIG. 49D shows the detection cartridge 1110 after a testsubject deposits bodily fluid into the detection cartridge 1110.Inserting the detection cartridge into the portable detection cartridgereader 4940 allows the portable detection cartridge reader 1100 to readthe detection data from the detection cartridge 1110 automatically uponinsertion including a unique device identification code and a biologicanalytical target identification code number. The portable detectioncartridge reader display 1130 will display progress milestones as theprocessing of the test proceeds of one embodiment.

Gathering Test Subject Sample:

FIG. 50A shows for illustrative purposes only an example of an overviewflow chart of gathering test subject samples of one embodiment. FIG. 50Ashows gathering test subject bodily fluid or breathe moisture indetection cartridge 5000. Gathering test subject test samples includefor example a test subject blowing moist breath into the bodily fluiddeposition port 4920. A bodily fluid deposition port 4930 provides apassageway for the test subject bodily fluids to be deposited on thedetection cartridge 1110 detection sensor surface. The detectioncartridge 1110 is for measuring the resistance of targeted biologicbiologically sensitive molecules in contact with test subject bodilyfluids 5010.

Inserting the detection cartridge into the portable detection cartridgereader 5020 begins the impedance measuring process. The impedance datais transmitted from the detection cartridge 1110 to the portabledetection cartridge reader 1100 for formatting and identification codingof resistance data then transmitting to the cloud platform 5030 theformatted and identified data. The cloud 4814 is receiving and storingdetection data 5040 for further processing as described in FIG. 50B ofone embodiment.

Identifying the Resistance Data Biologic Source:

FIG. 50B shows for illustrative purposes only an example of an overviewflow chart of identifying the resistance data biologic source of oneembodiment. FIG. 50B shows a continuation from FIG. 50A includingalternates of communication using satellite 5062 and cellular 5064communications for relaying the detection data to the identify sensorsnetwork platform cloud 5060.

The detection data received in the cloud 4814 is processed using aidentify sensors network platform 5050. The identify sensors networkplatform 5050 provides at least one server 5051, at least one digitalprocessor 5052, at least one communication device 5053, a plurality ofdatabases 5055, at least one network computer 5056, an identify sensorsapplication 5057 and algorithms 5058 for analyzing the detection data.The algorithms 5058 analysis provides identifying the resistance databiologic source using algorithms and transmitting test results 5070.

Transmitting test results 5054 for example over cellular 5064communications to the portable detection cartridge reader 1100 andalternatively to a test subject's smartphone 5086. In this exampleCOVID-19 test results negative 5082 are determined after identifying theresistance data biologic source using algorithms 5080 does not show thepresence of the SARS-CoV-2 biologically sensitive molecules in the testsubject bodily fluids. The COVID-19 test results negative 5082 aretransmitted to the portable detection cartridge reader 1100.

The test results are displayed on the portable detection cartridgereader 1100. The portable detection cartridge reader 1100 transmits thetest results to a test subject's smartphone 5086. The test resultsmessage in this example can be audible using Bluetooth 5087 technologyand also displayed on the test subject's smartphone 5086. The display ofthe test results may include as shown in this example “Your Test forCOVID-19 is now complete” 5088 and “Test #E0039173 NEGATIVE Transmitted:Yes Date: Dec. 4, 2020” 5089. In instances where the test results aredetermined to be positive for COVID-19 transmitting positive testresults to appropriate health agencies 5090 may be required of oneembodiment.

Disposal of Used Test Cartridge:

FIG. 51 shows for illustrative purposes only an example of disposal ofused test cartridge of one embodiment. FIG. 51 shows the portabledetection cartridge reader 1100, detection cartridge 1110, display 5105with the message test complete 5110. After test results are transmittedto the test subject, removing the disposable detection cartridge aftercompletion of the test 5100 is performed for appropriate disposal of thedetection cartridge 5120. In those instances where the target biologicis transmittable infectious biological materials that are showing aspositive a sealable biohazard container 5130 may be required forappropriate disposal of the detection cartridge 5120. The detectioncartridge in the biohazard container 5140 may be required to be taken toa facility designated for approved biohazard disposal of one embodiment.

Temperature Control Device:

FIG. 52 shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a temperaturecontrol device of one embodiment. FIG. 52 shows a temperature controldevice arrangement for testing samples. An initial area for applyingheat 5200 in a heater section 5202 for a period time measured inseconds. A hold 5210 stage for the heated sample is held in the holdsection 5212. An area to cool 5220 the sample in a cooling section 5222for a period time measured in seconds. The temperature control device855 applies heat or cooling to regulate the sample at a uniform temp.5230, wherein temp.=temperature. A sensing section 5233 includes sensorsS1 5231 and S2 5232, sensing section 5233, first C 5234, second C 5235.In this example FIG. 52A shows an alternative configuration for thesensing section 5240 with sensors S1 5241 and S2 5242 in the sensingsection 5243 with the first C 5244 and second C 5245 of one embodiment.

General Test Flow:

FIG. 53 shows a block diagram of an overview of a general test flow ofone embodiment. FIG. 53 shows a general test flow for detection ofinfectious virus and bacterial pathogen and biomarkers indicative ofviruses and pathogens. The test starts with collect sample 5300 andstart test 5310. The test continues with load sample 5312 for processingand a portion of the sample for pre-condition sensor(s) 5320 todetermine a base. The testing includes a process sample 5330 stage andthen to present sample 5340 to measure sensor(s) 5350 for measuringfactors in the sample. Among the factors measured in the sample includebiomarkers that validate the authenticity of the bodily test sample5352. For example the biomarker RNase P is used for CoVID-19authentication of test samples. If the test sample is an invalid testsample 5354 the test is invalid and a new test sample is taken. Thefinal step is to present results 5360 for evaluation and then terminatetest 5370 of one embodiment.

Chemical and Pathogen Detection Air Sample and HVAC:

FIG. 54 shows a block diagram of an overview of chemical and pathogendetection in an air sample and HVAC system of one embodiment. FIG. 54shows a process for chemical and pathogen detection in the air sampleand HVAC 5400. The process begins with an air sample collected andelectrically changed (usually negatively charged) 5410. A nebulizercontaining a solution (buffer or other solutions) creates electricallycharged (usually positively charged) aerosols 5420. The negativelycharged air sample is attracted to the positively charged aerosolsforming a uniform aerosolized test sample 5430.

The aerosolized test sample is transformed into a liquid test sampleusing an impactor nozzle to spray the aerosolized sample into animpaction plate, which causes the sample to transform into a liquid5440. The liquid test sample is captured by a temperature-controlledfluidic path or chamber where the liquid sample can be electricallycharged again if necessary 5450. The liquid test sample is presented tothe sensor array for measurement through the temperature-controlledfluidic path or chamber 5460 of one embodiment. The test sample isdisposed of in a waste reservoir using various active or passiveinduction devices such as vacuums or pumps 5470 of one embodiment.

Flow Device:

FIG. 55 shows a block diagram of an overview of a flow device of oneembodiment. FIG. 55 shows a flow device and method for collecting abodily fluid test sample 5700. The flow device includes a sample entryand mechanism for automatically drawing fluid through a duct of thebuffer port to a temperature-controlled microfluidic path 5710. The flowdevice includes at least one test sample port 5711, a removable funnel5712, a removable cap 5713, and at least one test sample chamber 5714.The flow device and method include a mechanism for automatically drawingfluid through a duct of the sample port to a temperature-controlledmicrofluidic path 5720. The mechanism is used for drawing the samplethrough a temperature-controlled microfluidic path or chamber 5730. Thetemperature-controlled microfluidic path or chamber includes at leastbuffer port 5731, at least one buffer chamber 5732, and at least onebuffer membrane 5733. The flow device and method include a sensor forgenerating test results 5740 of one embodiment.

Swab Device for Collecting and Processing Bodily Test Sample:

FIG. 56 shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a swab devicefor collecting and processing bodily test sample of one embodiment. FIG.56 shows a device and method for collecting a bodily fluid test sampleand flowing the sample through a temperature-controlled microfluidicpath or chamber to the sensor for generating test results 5800. Thedevice includes a bodily fluid test sample collection swab for examplefor swab type collection of saliva 5810. The device includes a port forextracting test sample fluid from the swab. The extraction and deliveryof analyte 5820 to test the sample fluid is processed. The deviceincludes a printed component for flowing the bodily test sample througha temperature-controlled microfluidic path or chamber to the sensor formeasurement and disposal of the bodily fluid test sample. A disassemblyfor signal measurements 5830 removes the sensor for electroniccollection of the sensor signal measurements of one embodiment.

Platform for Processing and Flowing the Test Sample to Sensor forMeasurement:

FIG. 57 shows for illustrative purposes only an example of a platformfor processing and flowing the test sample of one embodiment. FIG. 57shows a platform for processing a bodily fluid test sample and flowingthe sample through a temperature-controlled microfluidic path or chamberto the sensor for generating test results 5900. The exemplary platformincludes a cover 5920, a holder 5930, an inlet 5910, an outlet 5980,PDMS 5970, jig 5960, a sensor 5950 including a working electrode 5956,and magnetic connectors 5940 that securely join the cover 5920 andholder 5930. The exemplary platform can also include a filter forremoving interfering substances. Once the bodily fluid test sample inthe swab is compressed by the extraction port, the bubble-depletedbodily fluid is injected into the temperature-controlled microfluidicpath or chamber through the inlet. The sample then flows on top of theworking electrode then onto the outlet and deposited in a wastereservoir.

The cover includes a jig on the bottom of the cover. The jig appliesmagnetic force 5952 to the outer wall of the PDMS channel 5954. Theholder includes a grip on the top of the holder to hold thetemperature-controlled fluidic chip and sensor in position. In theexemplary embodiment, the microfluidic path or chamber 5958 is separatefrom the sensor. In other embodiments, the microfluidic path or chamberis printed on the sensor film.

Filter Device:

FIG. 58 shows a block diagram of an overview of a filter device of oneembodiment. FIG. 58 shows a filter device for collecting and processingbodily test sample 6000 and flowing the sample through atemperature-controlled microfluidic path or chamber 6010. The filterdevice includes a removable funnel 6020, a removable cap 6030, at leastone test sample tube 6040, a mechanism for filtering out interferingsubstances from the bodily fluid sample 6050, a temperature-controlledmicrofluidic path, or chamber 6060, a sensor for generating test results6070. The filter device creates a continuous flow of the test sampleover the sensor surface 6080. The filter device includes collectingsensor-generated test results 6090 of one embodiment.

Testing Applications Features:

FIG. 59A shows a block diagram of an overview of testing applicationsfeatures: of one embodiment. FIG. 59A shows testing applicationsfeatures: 6100. In one embodiment the testing applications features:6100 include an application in office/clinic testing for essentialworkers 6110. This application includes patient information taken withphone app 6111. Testing measurement made with integrated measurement6112. Communication WIFI to cloud/EHR/CRM/security system 6113 isperformed for Interpretation cloud-based via phone 6114. Testing resultsdisplay on phone app 6115. The application devices connect to powerusing AC only 6116.

In another embodiment a widespread home testing: 6120 testingapplication includes features including patient information taken withphone app 6121. Application with tethered testing (small clinic or home)6122 is used for a measurement made using base measurement unit platform6123.

Communication WIFI to computer, Bluetooth to phone 6124 is used toperform interpretation cloud-based via phone 6125. Test results displaywith phone app 6126. The testing uses power for primary cell only 6127.Another testing application is described in FIG. 59B.

Testing Applications Features Continued:

FIG. 59B shows a block diagram of an overview of testing applicationsfeatures continued: of one embodiment. FIG. 59B shows a continuationfrom FIG. 59A of testing applications features continued: 6130 in anembodiment of limited on-site public testing: 6140. Limited on-sitepublic testing: 6140 is an application with patient information takenwith random id#6147. Limited on-site public testing: 6140 is performedwith drive-thru testing with limited testing capacity 6141. Testingmeasurement made with multiple independent measurement units 6142.Communication over a wireless communication system to cloud 6143 is usedfor interpretation cloud-based via cellular wireless communicationsystem 6144. Results display none 6145 as the cars are driving throughwith only a brief time for the test sampling. Power with AC andrechargeable battery 6146 is used to operate the devices of oneembodiment.

Two Carbon Layer Biosensor:

FIG. 60 shows for illustrative purposes only an example of two carbonlayer biosensor of one embodiment. FIG. 60 shows at least one biosensorconsisting of a substrate 6200. The substrate is one from a groupconsisting of a polyimide film, thermoplastic, glass, and ceramic 6210.A plurality of conductive metallic electrodes 6220 are printed on thesubstrate. The conductive metallic electrodes consists of materialsselected from a group consisting of gold, silver, copper and nickel6230. A first carbon layer 6240 is deposited onto the substrate andplurality of conductive metallic electrodes. The element of carboninterchangeably consists of MXene and Graphene 6250. An insulation layercomprising a layer for controlling temperature, wherein the layer forcontrolling temperature is beneath the insulation layer 6260 isdeposited on the first carbon layer 6240. On top of the insulation layer6260 a second carbon layer coated with selectable biologic analyticaltarget functionalized biologically sensitive molecules inductivelyaligned and bound to the second carbon layer 6270 forming the at leastone biosensor 6280 of one embodiment.

The foregoing has described the principles, embodiments, and modes ofoperation of the present invention. However, the invention should not beconstrued as being limited to the particular embodiments discussed. Theabove-described embodiments should be regarded as illustrative ratherthan restrictive, and it should be appreciated that variations may bemade in those embodiments by workers skilled in the art withoutdeparting from the scope of the present invention as defined by thefollowing claims.

1-20. (canceled)
 21. An apparatus, comprising: at least one sensorhaving at least one coating with a target biomolecule deposited onto asurface of the sensor, the sensor having at least one conductive layer;at least one detection cartridge coupled to the at least one conductivelayer and having a bodily fluid test sample receiving chamber; anohmmeter coupled to the at least one conductive layer configured formeasuring electrical impedance and electrical current changes of the atleast one conductive layer in response to the bodily fluid test sampleinteracting with the biomolecule coating and the at least one conductivelayer; an analyzer coupled to the ohmmeter configured for analyzingmeasured electrical impedance and electrical current changes; and adetection cartridge reader coupled to the analyzer and configured forimpedimetric detecting of at least one predetermined target biologicpathogen and determining if the target biologic pathogen in the bodilyfluid test sample is related biometrically to the target biomoleculecoating on the surface of the sensor.
 22. The apparatus of claim 21,wherein the target biomolecule of the at least one coating includesanalytical targeted biomolecules selected from a group ofSingle-Stranded and Double-Stranded positively charged and negativelycharged RNA and DNA.
 23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the at leastone sensor includes a substrate having an energy cured surface from agroup consisting of polyimide, thermoplastic polymers, high performanceplastics or high performance polymers and a first conductive layer froma group consisting of an allotropes of carbon, wherein the firstconductive layer is coated with a selectable target biomolecule that isinductively aligned and bound to the first conductive layer, a secondconductive layer consisting of metallic conductive materials, atemperature regulated heating device configured for heating the bodilyfluid test sample, and an insulation layer, forming the at least onesensor.
 24. The apparatus of claim 21, further comprising the at leastone sensor consisting of a first conductive layer on a substrate from agroup consisting of an allotropes of carbon including graphene.
 25. Theapparatus of claim 21, wherein the bodily fluid test sample consists ofat least one of human salvia, breath moisture, nasopharyngeal liquidsamples, blood, urine and other fluid from a human body.
 26. Theapparatus of claim 21, further comprising a digital memory devicecoupled to the at least one portable detection cartridge readerconfigured for recording detection cartridge data.
 27. The apparatus ofclaim 21, further comprising a Wi-Fi device configured to wirelesslytransmit to a remote device the presence of the at least onepredetermined target biologic pathogen and if the target biologicpathogen is related biometrically to the target biomolecule in thebodily fluid test sample.
 28. An apparatus, comprising: at least onesensor configured for impedimetric detection of at least one analyticaltarget in a bodily fluid test sample; at least one conductive layerelectrode with at least one target biomolecule coating coupled to the atleast one sensor configured for passing a baseline electrical currentthrough a heated bodily fluid test sample; a temperature regulatedheating device coupled between the at least one conductive layerelectrode and an insulation layer configured for heating the bodilyfluid test sample; an ohmmeter coupled to the at least one conductivelayer electrode configured for measuring electrical impedance andelectrical current changes of the at least one conductive layer inresponse to the bodily fluid test sample interacting with thebiomolecule coating and the at least one conductive layer; at least onedigital processor coupled to the ohmmeter configured for analyzing themeasured electrical impedance and electrical current changes test data;at least one identification digital memory device coupled to the atleast one digital processor configured for detecting analytical targetsin the bodily fluid test sample and identifying the analytical targetsbased on the test data and impedance characteristics within apredetermined range of unique biologic analytical target impedancecharacteristics; a detection cartridge having the at least one sensorcoupled to a portable detection cartridge reader configured to identifyanalytical targets based on measured electrical impedance and electricalcurrent changes data transmitted from the at least one sensor; and atleast one wireless communication device coupled to the portabledetection cartridge reader configured to wirelessly transmit detectionprocess results.
 29. The apparatus of claim 28, further comprising theat least one conductive layer electrode is coated with at least oneselectable target biomolecule selected from a group of Single-Strandedand Double-Stranded positively charged and negatively charged RNA andDNA, and other biomolecules including one from a group of infectiousbiological pathogens including a group of infectious pathogens.
 30. Theapparatus of claim 28, further comprising a digital memory devicecoupled to the at least one portable detection cartridge reader isconfigured for recording detection cartridge data automatically uponinsertion.
 31. The apparatus of claim 28, further comprising at leastone rechargeable battery coupled to the at least one conductive layerelectrode is configured to supply current through opened and closedregulated electrical circuits for impedance testing.
 32. The apparatusof claim 28, further comprising an incubation temperature control devicehaving a temperature control device coupled to the at least one sensorconfigured for heated incubation processing to prepare the bodily fluidtest sample for measuring impedance testing changes.
 33. The apparatusof claim 28, further comprising at least one communication device isconfigured for transmitting and receiving the test data and signals toand from a network platform cloud plurality of databases and serversautomatically configured for identifying and determining a presence ofthe analytical targets in the bodily fluid test sample.
 34. Theapparatus of claim 28, further comprising the at least one test subjectbodily fluid test sample interchangeably consisting of bodily fluidincluding human salvia, breath moisture, nasopharyngeal liquid samples,blood, urine and other fluid from a human body wherein the bodily fluidsare validated as authentic by measuring biomarkers in the test sample.35. A method, comprising: providing a sensor with at least oneselectable target biomolecule coating on a sensor conductive layersurface in a detection cartridge; providing a bodily fluid test sampleon the sensor conductive layer surface; providing regulated incubationheating of the bodily fluid test sample in preparation of impedancetesting; providing a predetermined baseline current passing through theheated bodily fluid test sample across energized conductive layerelectrodes; providing measurements of electrical impedance changes ofthe at least one conductive layer in response to the bodily fluid testsample interacting with the biomolecule coating and the at least oneconductive layer baseline current; providing analysis of the measuredelectrical impedance changes test data into a portable detectioncartridge reader; providing identification and impedimetricdetermination of a presence of biologic analytical target biomoleculesin the bodily fluid test sample based on the test data and impedancecharacteristics within a predetermined range of unique biologicanalytical target impedance characteristics; and transmitting with WiFicommunication test results to the bodily fluid test sample test subject.36. The method of claim 35, further comprising providing at least onesensor consisting of a substrate for thermal curing from a groupconsisting of a polyimide film, thermoplastic, glass, and ceramic, afirst conductive layer from one from a group of Gold, Silver, Copper,Platinum and Aluminum, a first carbon layer, an insulation layer, asecond carbon layer with at least one selectable target biomoleculecoating inductively aligned and bound to the second carbon layer,forming the at least one sensor.
 37. The method of claim 35, furthercomprising providing at least one sensor consisting of a polyimidedielectric flexible film surface energy curing substrate integrated withan element of carbon sensor bound to the substrate, and wherein theelement of carbon interchangeably consists of conductive MXene, Grapheneand other allotropes of carbon.
 38. The method of claim 35, furthercomprising depositing a bodily fluid test sample interchangeablyconsisting of bodily fluid including human salvia, breath moisture,nasopharyngeal liquid samples, blood, urine and other fluid from a humanbody, wherein the bodily fluids are validated as authentic by measuringbiomarkers in the test sample.
 39. The method of claim 35, furthercomprising providing at least one sensor conductive layer electrode onthe sensor consisting of materials selected from a group consisting ofgold, silver, copper, platinum and aluminum, wherein based on thedimensions of the positive temperature coefficient print value of theselected material and bodily fluid test sample volume a calculatedincubation temperature of the bodily fluid test sample is known and isthe incubation temperature regulated using a temperature control devicelayer beneath an insulation layer wherein heated incubation processingprepares the testing for measuring sensor impedance in the presence ofpatient bodily fluid sample.
 40. The method of claim 35, furthercomprising measuring electrical impedance across sensor energizedconductive layer electrodes is configured to complete the conductivelayer electrode circuit through conductive bodily fluid with and withoutbiologic analytical target biomolecules to determine any impedancechanges.